Hyperhomocysteinemia and Endothelial Dysfunction.
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TLDR
Six mechanisms have been suggested explaining HHcy-induced endothelial dysfunction and the goal of this review is to elaborate these mechanisms and to discuss biological and molecular events related to HHCy-induced ED.Abstract:
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is a significant and independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is the earliest indicator of atherosclerosis and vascular diseases. We and others have shown that HHcy induced ED in human and in animal models of HHcy induced by either high-methionine load or genetic deficiency. Six mechanisms have been suggested explaining HHcy-induced ED. These include 1) nitric oxide inhibition, 2) prostanoids regulation, 3) endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors suppression, 4) angiotensin II receptor-1 activation, 5) endothelin-1 induction, and 6) oxidative stress. The goal of this review is to elaborate these mechanisms and to discuss biological and molecular events related to HHcy-induced ED.read more
Citations
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References
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5-Methyltetrahydrofolate Rapidly Improves Endothelial Function and Decreases Superoxide Production in Human Vessels Effects on Vascular Tetrahydrobiopterin Availability and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Coupling
Charalambos Antoniades,Cheerag Shirodaria,Nicholas Warrick,Shijie Cai,Joseph de Bono,Justin Z Lee,Paul Leeson,Stefan Neubauer,Chandi Ratnatunga,Ravi Pillai,Helga Refsum,Keith M. Channon +11 more
TL;DR: The 5-methyltetrahydrofolfolate (5-MTHF) may have beneficial effects on endothelial function; however, its mechanisms of action remain uncertain this article.
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Folic Acid Improves Endothelial Function in Coronary Artery Disease via Mechanisms Largely Independent of Homocysteine Lowering
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