Journal ArticleDOI
Immunomodulation by viruses: the myxoma virus story
Piers Nash,John W. Barrett,Jing-Xin Cao,Sheela Hota-Mitchell,Alshad S. Lalani,Helen Everett,Xiao-Ming Xu,Janine Robichaud,Shawna Hnatiuk,Cheryl Ainslie,Bruce T. Seet,Grant McFadden +11 more
TLDR
Two distinct viral strategies carried out by viral proteins with which myxoma virus subverts the host immune response are described, which can provide insights into virus‐host interactions and also provide new insights into the complex immune system.Abstract:
Myxoma virus is a poxvirus pathogen of rabbits that has evolved to replicate successfully in the presence of an active immune response by an infected host To accomplish this, the virus has developed a variety of strategies to avoid detection by or obstruct specific aspects of the antiviral response whose consolidated action is antagonistic to virus survival We describe two distinct viral strategies carried out by viral proteins with which myxoma virus subverts the host immune response The first strategy is the production of virus-encoded proteins known as viroceptors or virokines that mimic host receptors or cytokines These seek to actively block extracellular immune signals required for effective virus clearance and produce a local environment in the infected tissue that is "virus friendly" The second strategy, carried out by intracellular viral proteins, seeks to retard the innate antiviral responses such as apoptosis, and hinder attempts by the infected cell to communicate with the cellular arm of the immune system By studying these viral strategies of immune evasion, the myxoma system can provide insights into virus-host interactions and also provide new insights into the complex immune systemread more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Viral Subversion of the Immune System
TL;DR: A review of the diverse array of pathways and molecular targets used by viruses to elude immune detection and destruction describes the continuous interactions between host and pathogens during their coevolution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Poxviruses and Immune Evasion
Bruce T. Seet,James B. Johnston,Craig R. Brunetti,John W. Barrett,Helen Everett,Cheryl M. Cameron,Joanna Sypula,Steven H. Nazarian,Alexandra Lucas,Grant McFadden +9 more
TL;DR: Because of their anti-inflammatory nature, many of these poxvirus proteins hold promise as potential therapeutic agents for acute or chronic inflammatory conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Viral mechanisms of immune evasion
TL;DR: The authors' knowledge of viral gene functions must be integrated into virus–host interaction networks to understand viral pathogenesis, and could lead to new anti-viral strategies and the ability to exploit viral functions as tools in medicine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Viral mimicry of cytokines, chemokines and their receptors
TL;DR: The study of viral immunomodulatory proteins might help to uncover new human genes that control immunity, and their characterization will increase the understanding of not only viral pathogenesis, but also normal immune mechanisms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Viral mechanisms of immune evasion
TL;DR: The authors' knowledge of viral gene functions must be integrated into virus–host interaction networks to understand viral pathogenesis, and could lead to new anti-viral strategies and the ability to exploit viral functions as tools in medicine.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Caspases: Enemies Within
TL;DR: This work has shown that understanding caspase regulation is intimately linked to the ability to rationally manipulate apoptosis for therapeutic gain.
Journal ArticleDOI
THE NF-κB AND IκB PROTEINS: New Discoveries and Insights
TL;DR: The transcription factor NF-κB has attracted widespread attention among researchers in many fields based on its unusual and rapid regulation, the wide range of genes that it controls, its central role in immunological processes, the complexity of its subunits, and its apparent involvement in several diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemokines — Chemotactic Cytokines That Mediate Inflammation
TL;DR: This review introduces the burgeoning family of cytokines, with special emphasis on their role in the pathophysiology of disease and their potential as targets for therapy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cellular responses to interferon-gamma.
TL;DR: Much of the cellular response to IFN-gamma can be described in terms of a set of integrated molecular programs underlying well-defined physiological systems, for example the induction of efficient antigen processing for MHC-mediated antigen presentation, which play clearly defined roles in pathogen resistance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemokines and leukocyte traffic
TL;DR: Over the past ten years, numerous chemokines have been identified as attractants of different types of blood leukocytes to sites of infection and inflammation and are now known to also function as regulatory molecules in leukocyte maturation, traffic and homing of lymphocytes, and the development of lymphoid tissues.