Journal ArticleDOI
Indoor Winter Fumigation with Formic Acid for Control of Acarapis woodi (Acari: Tarsonemidae) and Nosema Disease, Nosema sp.
TLDR
Indoor winter fumigation of honey bee colonies with formic acid was effective in killing a high percentage of Honey bee mites but did not significantly reduce the proportion of bees with infested tracheae over the duration of the experiments, and the method used to determine the efficacy of the treatment affected the results.Abstract:
Indoor fumigation of honey bees, Apis mellifera L., with formic acid to control varroa mites, Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman, allows simultaneous fumigation of multiple colonies with little labor input and good efficacy. Several experiments were designed to test the efficacy of formic acid as a treatment for honey bee mites, Acarapis woodi (Rennie) (Acari: Tarsonemidae), and nosema disease, Nosema sp., indoors in winter. The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the efficacy of formic acid fumigation for honey bee mite control by using both the thoracic slice and live dissection methods and 2) to determine whether indoor fumigation can reliably prevent the buildup of nosema disease in overwintering honey bee colonies. Indoor winter fumigation of honey bee colonies with formic acid was effective in killing a high percentage of honey bee mites but did not significantly reduce the proportion of bees with infested tracheae over the duration of the experiments. Thus, the method used to determine the efficacy of the treatment affected the results. Under conditions of relatively low or decreasing levels of nosema, fumigation tended to suppress the mean abundance of nosema spores relative to the controls. In three separate fumigation experiments using a range of formic acid concentrations, there was no statistical difference between the buildup or maintenance of nosema spore mean abundance over the winter in bees from formic acid fumigated colonies compared with untreated controls. However, fumigation with formic acid during winter at a low concentration for extended periods significantly suppressed spore buildup of mixed populations of nosema (Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae) in 1 yr.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Nosema ceranae in Apis mellifera: a 12 years postdetection perspective
Raquel Martín-Hernández,Carolina Bartolomé,Nor Chejanovsky,Yves Le Conte,Anne Dalmon,Claudia Dussaubat,Pilar García-Palencia,Aránzazu Meana,M. Alice Pinto,Victoria Soroker,Mariano Higes +10 more
TL;DR: This review presents an update of the knowledge generated in the last 12 years in the field of N. ceranae research, addressing the routes of transmission, population structure and genetic diversity, and describes how the infection modifies the honey bee's metabolism, the immune response and other vital functions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of bacterial metabolites on microsporidian Nosema ceranae and on its host Apis mellifera
Martín Pablo Porrini,M. Carina Audisio,M. Carina Audisio,Daniela C. Sabaté,Daniela C. Sabaté,Carolina Ibarguren,Carolina Ibarguren,Sandra Karina Medici,Sandra Karina Medici,Edgardo G. Sarlo,P. Melisa Garrido,Martin Javier Eguaras,Martin Javier Eguaras +12 more
TL;DR: One of the surfactins is herein postulated as a molecule capable of reducing N. ceranae development, acting either by direct exposure to purified spores or incorporated into the digestive tract of the bee.
Journal ArticleDOI
Standard methods for tracheal mite research
TL;DR: This chapter outlines protocols for collecting, detecting, identifying, diagnosing and measuring the infestation rates of A. woodi, and describes methods for studying live mites.
Journal ArticleDOI
Scientific Advances in Controlling Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia) Infections in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera).
TL;DR: In this review, recent scientific advances in controlling N. ceranae infections in honey bees are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Defensive chemicals of tawny crazy ants, Nylanderia fulva (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their toxicity to red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
TL;DR: This ant contained more than two orders of magnitude of formic acid (wt/wt) than other formicine ants and one order of magnitude more than the common crazy ant, Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental impact assessment: "pseudoreplication" in time?'
TL;DR: An appropriate sampling scheme designed to detect the effect of the discharge upon this underlying mean of the underlying probabilistic "process" that produces the abundance, rather than the actual abundance itself is described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nosema ceranae n. sp. (Microspora, Nosematidae), morphological and molecular characterization of a microsporidian parasite of the Asian honey bee Apis cerana (Hymenoptera, Apidae)
TL;DR: Phylogenetic analysis, based on the sequence of the small subunit ribosomal RNA, places Nosema ceranae in the Nosema clade, as defined by Nosema bombycis, the type species of the nosema genus.
Journal ArticleDOI
The epidemiology of the infestation of the honeybee, Apis mellifera L., by the mite Acarapis woodi Rennie and the mortality of infested bees.
TL;DR: The proportion of young honeybees which became infested with Acarapis woodi Rennie rose with an increased degree of infestation of the older bees and increased temperatures, but the most important influence controlling infestation seems to be the frequency with which young and old bees come into contact.
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