Integrating cellular and organismic aspects of vascular differentiation.
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TLDR
Anatomy can be a complementary method of observing polarity and its changes, because tissue polarity both expresses and depends on auxin transport, a feedback that could account for the determined nature of polarity as well as the gradual canalization of differentiation to vascular strands.Abstract:
Vascular differentiation can be studied at two levels, and they should complement one another: as an aspect of integrated plant development and as cellular processes. The differentiation of organized strands that connect between organs is induced by polar auxin flow, towards the roots. Anatomy, therefore, can be a complementary method of observing polarity and its changes. As expected for a self-correcting and essential system, vascular patterning mutations are relatively rare and have pleiotropic effects, including modifications of responses to auxin and its transport. Tissue polarity both expresses and depends on auxin transport, a feedback that could account for the determined nature of polarity as well as the gradual canalization of differentiation to vascular strands. This predicts that the molecules responsible for polarity will be localized gradually as differentiation proceeds. Further, a modified location of these molecules can be expected to precede anatomical expressions of a new, regenerated, polarity. Tracheary differentiation is probably the best studied example of cell differentiation. Within the plant, however, this differentiation is coupled to oriented cell growth either along or at right angles to the axis of auxin flow, depending on tissue competence. Differentiation is also coupled to the differentiation of the other components of the vascular system. There are, presumably, early joint stages to these differentiation processes, but what they are remains an intriguing problem.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
AtPIN4 Mediates Sink-Driven Auxin Gradients and Root Patterning in Arabidopsis
Jiří Friml,Eva Benková,Ikram Blilou,Justyna Wiśniewska,Thorsten Hamann,Karin Ljung,Scott T. Woody,Göran Sandberg,Ben Scheres,Gerd Jürgens,Klaus Palme +10 more
TL;DR: A novel member of the PIN family of putative auxin efflux carriers, Arabidopsis PIN4, is characterized that is localized in developing and mature root meristems and proposed a role for AtPIN4 in generating a sink for auxin below the quiescent center of the root meristsem that is essential for Auxin distribution and patterning.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional redundancy of PIN proteins is accompanied by auxin-dependent cross-regulation of PIN expression
Anne Vieten,Steffen Vanneste,Justyna Wiśniewska,Eva Benková,René Benjamins,Tom Beeckman,Christian Luschnig,Jiri Friml +7 more
TL;DR: It is shown that PIN proteins exhibit synergistic interactions, which involve cross-regulation of PIN gene expression in pin mutants or plants with inhibited auxin transport, which might enable the stabilization of auxin gradients and potentially contribute to the robustness of plant adaptive development.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physiological Effects of the Synthetic Strigolactone Analog GR24 on Root System Architecture in Arabidopsis: Another Belowground Role for Strigolactones?
Carolien Ruyter-Spira,Wouter Kohlen,Tatsiana Charnikhova,Arjan van Zeijl,Laura van Bezouwen,Norbert C.A. de Ruijter,Catarina Cardoso,Juan Antonio López-Ráez,Radoslava Matusova,Ralph Bours,Francel W.A. Verstappen,Harro J. Bouwmeester +11 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that the tightly balanced auxin-strigolactone interaction is the basis for the mechanism of the regulation of the plants’ root-to-shoot ratio and that the net result of strigolACTone action is dependent on the auxin status of the plant.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Tomato Aux/IAA Transcription Factor IAA9 Is Involved in Fruit Development and Leaf Morphogenesis
Hua Wang,Brian Jones,Zhengguo Li,Pierre Frasse,Corinne Delalande,Farid Regad,Salma Chaabouni,Alain Latché,Jean-Claude Pech,Mondher Bouzayen +9 more
TL;DR: It is reported here that the downregulation of IAA9, a tomato gene from a distinct subfamily of Aux/IAA genes, results in a pleiotropic phenotype, consistent with its ubiquitous expression pattern.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Arabidopsis ATHB-8 HD-Zip Protein Acts as a Differentiation-Promoting Transcription Factor of the Vascular Meristems
Simona Baima,Marco Possenti,Antonella Matteucci,Ellen Wisman,Maria Maddalena Altamura,Ida Ruberti,Giorgio Morelli +6 more
TL;DR: Results are consistent with the hypothesis that ATHB-8 is a positive regulator of proliferation and differentiation, and participates in a positive feedback loop in which auxin signaling induces the expression of ATHb-8, which in turn positively modulates the activity of procambial and cambial cells to differentiate.
References
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Plant hormones : physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the role of hormones in plant growth, development, and senescence, and the mechanism of action of auxin and cytokinin in prokaryotes, as well as other aspects of hormone synthesis and action.
Book
Pattern Formation in Plant Tissues
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the interactions of developing organs and Hormones as correlative agents with respect to pattern formation, and some of the findings are surprising.
Journal ArticleDOI
Brassinosteroids Induce Entry into the Final Stage of Tracheary Element Differentiation in Cultured Zinnia Cells
TL;DR: Results strongly suggest that endogenous brassinosteroids induce entry into the final stage of differentiation in Zinnia cells.