Interventions for preventing obesity in children
Tamara Brown,Theresa Hm Moore,Theresa Hm Moore,Lee Hooper,Yang Gao,Amir Zayegh,Sharea Ijaz,Sharea Ijaz,Martha M C Elwenspoek,Martha M C Elwenspoek,Sophie C Foxen,Lucia Magee,Claire O'Malley,Elizabeth Waters,Carolyn Summerbell +14 more
TLDR
The effectiveness of a range of interventions that include diet or physical activity components, or both, designed to prevent obesity in children is evaluated to determine overall certainty of the evidence.Abstract:
The current evidence suggests that many diet and exercise interventions to prevent obesity in children are not effective in preventing weight gain, but can be effective in promoting a healthy diet and increased physical activity levels.Being very overweight (obese) can cause health, psychological and social problems for children. Children who are obese are more likely to have weight and health problems as adults. Programmes designed to prevent obesity focus on modifying one or more of the factors considered to promote obesity.This review included 22 studies that tested a variety of intervention programmes, which involved increased physical activity and dietary changes, singly or in combination. Participants were under 18 and living in Asia, South America, Europe or North America. There is not enough evidence from trials to prove that any one particular programme can prevent obesity in children, although comprehensive strategies to address dietary and physical activity change, together with psycho-social support and environmental change may help. There was a trend for newer interventions to involve their respective communities and to include evaluations.Future research might usefully assess changes made on behalf of entire populations, such as improvements in the types of foods available at schools and in the availability of safe places to run and play, and should assess health effects and costs over several years.The programmes in this review used different strategies to prevent obesity so direct comparisons were difficult. Also, the duration of the studies ranged from 12 weeks to three years, but most lasted less than a year.read more
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The behaviour change wheel: a new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions.
TL;DR: Interventions and policies to change behaviour can be usefully characterised by means of a BCW comprising: a 'behaviour system' at the hub, encircled by intervention functions and then by policy categories, and a new framework aimed at overcoming their limitations is developed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults
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Pereira,Napoleón Pérez-Farinós,Cynthia M. Pérez,Annette Peters,Janina Petkeviciene,Ausra Petrauskiene,Niloofar Peykari,Son Thai Pham,Daniela Pierannunzio,Iris Pigeot,Hynek Pikhart,Aida Pilav,Lorenza Pilotto,Francesco Pistelli,Freda Pitakaka,Aleksandra Piwońska,Pedro Plans-Rubio,Bee Koon Poh,Hermann Pohlabeln,Raluca Pop,Stevo Popovic,Miquel Porta,Marileen L.P. Portegies,Georg Posch,Dimitrios Poulimeneas,Hamed Pouraram,Akram Pourshams,Hossein Poustchi,Rajendra Pradeepa,Mathur Prashant,Jacqueline F. Price,Jardena J. Puder,Iveta Pudule,Maria Puiu,Margus Punab,Radwan Qasrawi,Mostafa Qorbani,Tran Quoc Bao,Ivana Radic,Ričardas Radišauskas,Mahfuzar Rahman,Mahmudur Rahman,Olli T. Raitakari,Manu Raj,Sudha Ramachandra Rao,Ambady Ramachandran,Jacqueline Ramke,Elisabete Ramos,Rafel Ramos,Lekhraj Rampal,Sanjay Rampal,Ramón Alberto Rascón-Pacheco,Josep Redon,Paul Ferdinand M. Reganit,Lourdes Ribas-Barba,Robespierre Ribeiro,Elio Riboli,Fernando Rigo,Tobias F. Rinke de Wit,Ana Isabel Rito,Raphael Mendes Ritti-Dias,Juan A Rivera,Sian M. Robinson,Cynthia Robitaille,Daniela Rodrigues,Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo,Maria del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez,Laura A. Rodríguez-Villamizar,Rosalba Rojas-Martínez,Nipa Rojroongwasinkul,Dora Romaguera,Kimmo Ronkainen,Annika Rosengren,Ian Rouse,Joel G. R. Roy,Adolfo Rubinstein,Frank J Rühli,Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt,Paola Russo,Marcin Rutkowski,Charumathi Sabanayagam,Harshpal Singh Sachdev,Olfa Saidi,Benoit Salanave,Eduardo Salazar Martinez,Diego Salmerón,Veikko Salomaa,Jukka T. Salonen,Massimo Salvetti,Jose Sanchez-Abanto,Sandjaja,Susana Sans,Loreto Santa Marina,Diana A. Santos,Iná S. Santos,Osvaldo Santos,Renata Nunes dos Santos,Rute Santos,Jouko Saramies,Luís B. Sardinha,Nizal Sarrafzadegan,Kai-Uwe Saum,Savvas C. Savva,Mathilde Savy,Marcia Scazufca,Angelika Schaffrath Rosario,Herman Schargrodsky,Anja Schienkiewitz,Sabine Schipf,Carsten Oliver Schmidt,Ida Maria Schmidt,Constance Schultsz,Aletta E. 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TL;DR: A new quantity is developed, I 2, which the authors believe gives a better measure of the consistency between trials in a meta-analysis, which is susceptible to the number of trials included in the meta- analysis.
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Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
TL;DR: Funnel plots, plots of the trials' effect estimates against sample size, are skewed and asymmetrical in the presence of publication bias and other biases Funnel plot asymmetry, measured by regression analysis, predicts discordance of results when meta-analyses are compared with single large trials.
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Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement
TL;DR: A structured summary is provided including, as applicable, background, objectives, data sources, study eligibility criteria, participants, interventions, study appraisal and synthesis methods, results, limitations, conclusions and implications of key findings.
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Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey
TL;DR: The proposed cut off points, which are less arbitrary and more internationally based than current alternatives, should help to provide internationally comparable prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in children.
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Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews.
TL;DR: The strongest features of the app, identified and reported in user feedback, were its ability to help in screening and collaboration as well as the time savings it affords to users.