Leprosy: review of the epidemiological, clinical, and etiopathogenic aspects - Part 1
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TLDR
In this article, the authors aim to update dermatologist on epidemiological, clinical, and etiopathogenic leprosy aspects, as well as to understand the pathogenesis, variations in the clinical characteristics, and progression of the disease.Abstract:
Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and has been known since biblical times. It is still endemic in many regions of the world and a public health problem in Brazil. The prevalence rate in 2011 reached 1.54 cases per 10,000 inhabitants in Brazil. The mechanism of transmission of leprosy consists of prolonged close contact between susceptible and genetically predisposed individuals and untreated multibacillary patients. Transmission occurs through inhalation of bacilli present in upper airway secretion. The nasal mucosa is the main entry or exit route of M. leprae. The deeper understanding of the structural and biological characteristics of M. leprae, the sequencing of its genome, along with the advances in understanding the mechanisms of host immune response against the bacilli, dependent on genetic susceptibility, have contributed to the understanding of the pathogenesis, variations in the clinical characteristics, and progression of the disease. This article aims to update dermatologist on epidemiological, clinical, and etiopathogenic leprosy aspects.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The influence of innate and adaptative immune responses on the differential clinical outcomes of leprosy.
Adriana Barbosa de Lima Fonseca,Marise do Vale Simon,Rodrigo Anselmo Cazzaniga,Tatiana Rodrigues de Moura,Roque Pacheco de Almeida,Roque Pacheco de Almeida,Malcolm S. Duthie,Steven G. Reed,Amélia Ribeiro de Jesus,Amélia Ribeiro de Jesus +9 more
TL;DR: The innate and adaptive immune responses, and their interactions, that are known to affect pathogenesis and influence the clinical outcome of leprosy are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Socioeconomic determinants of leprosy new case detection in the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort: a population-based linkage study.
Joilda Silva Nery,Anna Ramond,Julia Moreira Pescarini,André Alves,Agostino Strina,Agostino Strina,Maria Yury Ichihara,Maria Lúcia Fernandes Penna,Liam Smeeth,Laura C. Rodrigues,Mauricio Lima Barreto,Mauricio Lima Barreto,Elizabeth B. Brickley,Gerson Oliveira Penna +13 more
TL;DR: Within the poorest half of the Brazilian population, the most deprived individuals have the greatest risk of leprosy, and strategies focusing on early detection and treatment in the poorest populations could contribute substantially to global disease control.
Journal ArticleDOI
Leprosy among children under 15 years of age: literature review
TL;DR: Paucibacillary forms of the disease prevailed, especially borderline-tuberculoid leprosy, with a single lesion in exposed areas of the body representing the main clinical manifestation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Leprosy: Treatment and management of complications.
Mayra B.C. Maymone,Samantha Venkatesh,Melissa R. Laughter,Rana Abdat,Jeremy Hugh,Mara M. Dacso,P. Narasimha Rao,Barbara M. Stryjewska,Cory A. Dunnick,Robert P. Dellavalle +9 more
TL;DR: The treatment of leprosy, its immunologic reactions, and important concepts, including disease relapse and drug resistance are reviewed.
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In Vitro Protective Effect and Antioxidant Mechanism of Resveratrol Induced by Dapsone Hydroxylamine in Human Cells
Rosyana de Fatima Vieira de Albuquerque,Nívea S. Malcher,Lílian Lund Amado,Michael D. Coleman,Danielle C. dos Santos,Rosivaldo Sa. Borges,Sebastião Aldo da Silva Valente,Vera da Costa Valente,Marta Chagas Monteiro +8 more
TL;DR: The data suggest that the pretreatment with resveratrol may decrease heme-iron oxidation and DNA damage through reduction of ROS generated in cells during DDS therapy.
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