Showing papers in "The Lancet Global Health in 2019"

TL;DR: To better understand the epidemiology of preterm birth, the quality and volume of data needs to be improved, including standardisation of definitions, measurement, and reporting.

TL;DR: The global prevalence of peripheral artery disease in people aged 25 years and older was 5·56%, 3·79-8·55, and the prevalence estimate was higher in HICs than that in LMICs, while smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolaemia were major risk factors for peripheral arteries disease.

TL;DR: Although these estimates suggest some progress in reducing LBW between 2000 and 2015, achieving the 2·74% AARR required between 2012 and 2025 to meet the global nutrition target will require more than doubling progress, involving both improved measurement and programme investments.

TL;DR: The derivation, validation, and illustration of the revised WHO cardiovascular disease risk prediction charts that have been adapted to the circumstances of 21 global regions are reported.

TL;DR: The burden of NCDs in sub-Saharan Africa from 1990 to 2017 was assessed in terms of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) as well as all-age and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population-with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).

TL;DR: Although substantial progress has been made in reducing neonatal mortality since 1990, increased efforts to improve progress are still needed to achieve the SDG target of 12 deaths per 1000 livebirths or fewer by 2030, which more than 60 countries need to accelerate their progress to reach.

TL;DR: All key risk factors for child pneumonia (non-exclusive breastfeeding, crowding, malnutrition, indoor air pollution, incomplete immunisation, and paediatric HIV), with the exception of low birthweight, decreased across all regions between 2000 and 2015.

TL;DR: The burden of serious health-related suffering will almost double by 2060, with the fastest increases occurring in low-income countries, among older people, and people with dementia.

TL;DR: Major cardiovascular events were more common among those with low levels of education in all types of country studied, but much more so in low-income countries, and differences in outcomes between educational groups were not explained by differences in risk factors.

TL;DR: Household-level elementary WASH interventions implemented in rural areas in low-income countries are unlikely to reduce stunting or anaemia and might not reduce diarrhoea.

TL;DR: The model modelled had good predictability in the average epidemic months of influenza virus in temperate regions and respiratory syncytial virus in both temperate and tropical regions and predicted global epidemic months on a 5° by 5° grid.

TL;DR: It is recommended that future research in the WASH sector focus on developing and evaluating interventions that are radically more effective in reducing faecal contamination in the domestic environment than the interventions implemented in these trials.

TL;DR: The dementia prevention potential in India, China, and this sample of Latin American countries is large, and greater than in high-income countries.

TL;DR: There is substantial global variation in the proportion of AWaRe antibiotics used in hospitalised neonates and children, and future efforts should focus on developing and evaluating paediatric antibiotic stewardship programmes on the basis of theAWaRe index.

TL;DR: The highest PAF among men was smoking in all 31 provinces, whereas among women it varied among low fruit intake (14 provinces), hepatitis B virus infection (seven provinces), smoking (six provinces), excess bodyweight (three provinces), and human papilloma virus infection(one province).

TL;DR: Weighted adjusted population attributable fractions showed that most attributable cases of MSD and LSD were due to rotavirus, Cryptosporidium spp, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli encoding heat-stable toxin, and Shigella spp.

TL;DR: Governments, policy makers, and businesses must enforce and improve occupational health and safety measures, which should be accompanied by accessible, affordable, and appropriate health care and insurance coverage to meet the care needs of this important working population.

TL;DR: Maternal mortality after caesarean delivery in Africa is 50 times higher than that of high-income countries and is driven by peripartum haemorrhage and anaesthesia complications, which is double the global average.

TL;DR: The prevalence of major psychiatric disorders is high in prisoners in LMIC compared with general populations, and the development of scalable interventions should be a public health priority in resource-poor settings.

TL;DR: Patients with bronchiectasis in India have more severe disease and have distinct characteristics from those reported in other countries, and this study provides a benchmark to improve quality of care for patients with bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.

TL;DR: A systematic review and meta-analysis suggests a high burden of diabetes among patients with active tuberculosis, with disparities according to age, sex, regions, level of country income, and development.

TL;DR: Three conditions accounted for 89% of all deaths among preterm infants in Ethiopia and scale-up interventions are needed to prevent or treat these conditions.

TL;DR: The Brazilian recession contributed to increases in mortality, however, health and social protection expenditure seemed to mitigate detrimental health effects, especially among vulnerable populations, and provides support for stronger health andsocial protection systems globally.

TL;DR: Task-sharing interventions are effective in reducing blood pressure and long-term studies are needed to understand their potential impact on cardiovascular outcomes and mortality.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present descriptive statistics on person-centred maternity care in four settings across three low-income and middle-income countries, and examine key factors associated with PCMC in each setting.

TL;DR: A significant and sustained reduction in the proportion of hospital admissions for acute gastroenteritis due to rotavirus was seen among children younger than 5 years in GRSN sites followingRotavirus vaccine introduction, highlighting the need to incorporate rotav virus vaccines into immunisation programmes in countries that have not yet introduced them and underline the importance of high-quality surveillance.

TL;DR: Since 2005, HIV incidence among adolescent girls and young women declined in Rakai (Uganda) and Manicaland (Zimbabwe), and also declined among female sex workers in Kenya, but not in the highest-risk communities in South Africa and Uganda.

TL;DR: Serological prevalence estimates were several times higher than stool estimates for both parasites, which can be used to inform screening decisions for migrants and support the use of serological screening, which is more sensitive and easier than stool testing.

TL;DR: FEV1 is an independent and generalisable predictor of mortality, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory hospitalisation, even across the clinically normal range (mild to moderate impairment), and this pattern persisted in subgroup analyses considering country income level and various baseline risk factors.