Journal ArticleDOI
Linear reaction norms of thermal limits in Drosophila: predictable plasticity in cold but not in heat tolerance
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TLDR
High-resolution estimates of norms of reaction of thermal limits can considerably increase the understanding of the capacity of ectotherms to acclimate to different thermal environments, as well as of the environmental drivers of the evolution of phenotypic plasticity.Abstract:
* Thermal limits of ectotherms have been studied extensively and are believed to be evolutionarily constrained, leaving ectotherms at risk under future climate change. Phenotypic plasticity may extend the thermal limits, but we lack detailed characterizations of thermal limit reaction norms as well as an understanding of the interspecific variation in these reaction norms. * Here, we investigated the interspecific variation in phenotypic plasticity of thermal limits in 13 Drosophila species. We obtained high-resolution reaction norms for upper and lower thermal limits across the permissive developmental thermal range (12textperiodcentered5–30 °C). The estimated phenotypes were then associated (while accounting for phylogeny) with climatic parameters from the species' distributional range. * All species showed linear reaction norms for cold tolerance (CTmin) and heat tolerance (CTmax) across developmental acclimation temperatures. We observed strong beneficial cold acclimation to lower temperatures in all species. Conversely, the heat acclimation response was non-existent in some species, and decreasing or increasing with increasing developmental acclimation temperatures in other species. The degree of phenotypic plasticity of CTmin and CTmax was related neither to the basal thermal limits (trade-off hypothesis) nor to climatic parameters connected to latitudinal distributions (latitudinal hypothesis). * A substantial and linear developmental plasticity of lower thermal limits is a general characteristic of Drosophila species, which allows for straightforward application in species distribution models. In general, upper thermal limits also show linear norms of reaction, but their adaptive significance is limited and highly variable among species, making general predictions across species rather impossible. * High-resolution estimates of norms of reaction of thermal limits can considerably increase our understanding of the capacity of ectotherms to acclimate to different thermal environments. However, our understanding of the environmental drivers of the evolution of phenotypic plasticity and thus of the interspecific differences remains ambiguous, potentially constrained by limited microclimate information. A lay summary is available for this article. (Less)read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
How to analyse plant phenotypic plasticity in response to a changing climate
TL;DR: It is suggested that dissecting plant plasticity in response to increasing temperature needs an approach that can represent plasticity over multiple environments, and considers both population-level responses and the variation between genotypes in their response.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution and plasticity of thermal performance: an analysis of variation in thermal tolerance and fitness in 22 Drosophila species.
Heidi J. MacLean,Jesper Givskov Sørensen,Torsten Nygård Kristensen,Torsten Nygård Kristensen,Volker Loeschcke,Kristian Beedholm,Vanessa Kellermann,Johannes Overgaard +7 more
TL;DR: The idea that the evolution of cold tolerance has allowed species to persist in colder environments is supported and it is suggested that the temperature range for optimal thermal performance is either fixed or under selection by the more similar temperatures that prevail during growing seasons.
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Adaptation to environmental stress at different timescales
TL;DR: To understand and predict the impacts of environmental change and stress on biodiversity, it is suggested that future studies should have an increased focus on understanding the type and speed of responses to fast environmental changes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Estimating the benefits of plasticity in ectotherm heat tolerance under natural thermal variability
TL;DR: It is found that heat tolerance plasticity can reduce the predicted number of overheating events, although the effects are clade specific with plasticity providing greater benefits to amphibians than to reptiles or arthropods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Metabolic and functional characterization of effects of developmental temperature in Drosophila melanogaster
Mads Fristrup Schou,Torsten Nygaard Kristensen,Anders Pedersen,B. Göran Karlsson,Volker Loeschcke,Anders Malmendal +5 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that the regulation of metabolites that are tightly connected to the performance curve is important for the ability of ectotherms to cope with variation in temperature and suggest several new candidate metabolites.
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