Journal ArticleDOI
Managing the cognitive effects of brain tumor radiation therapy.
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TLDR
Given the prevalence of brain neoplasms and the high incidence of the radiation-induced symptom cluster and brain injury, clinical research to address these important clinical problems is critical.Abstract:
Postoperative radiation therapy (RT), either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, is the mainstay of treatment for primary and/or metastatic brain tumors. The majority of patients with brain tumors will have significant symptoms of their disease and of RT that will have a negative impact on their quality of life and neurocognitive function. The symptoms of brain tumors depend on tumor location. Radiation-induced brain injury is a complex and dynamic process involving all cells in the brain, including endothelial and oligodendroglial cells, astrocytes, microglia, neurons, and neuronal stem cells. The symptoms of radiation-induced brain injury may be acute, subacute, or chronic, occurring hours, days, weeks, months, and even years after exposure to radiation, the pathogenesis of which is oxidative stress and inflammation. At present, there are no effective preventive approaches for radiation-induced brain injury. Rather, the management of radiation-induced fatigue, changes in mood, and cognitive dysfunction involves a multidisciplinary approach using pharmacologic, behavioral, and rehabilitative therapies. Given the prevalence of brain neoplasms and the high incidence of the radiation-induced symptom cluster and brain injury, clinical research to address these important clinical problems is critical.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Long-term neurocognitive benefits of FLASH radiotherapy driven by reduced reactive oxygen species.
Pierre Montay-Gruel,Munjal M. Acharya,Kristoffer Petersson,Leila Alikhani,Chakradhar Yakkala,Barrett D. Allen,Jonathan Ollivier,Benoit Petit,Patrik Gonçalves Jorge,Amber R. Syage,Thuan Nguyen,Al Anoud D. Baddour,Celine Lu,Paramvir Singh,Raphaël Moeckli,François Bochud,Jean François Germond,Pascal Froidevaux,Claude Bailat,Jean Bourhis,Marie-Catherine Vozenin,Charles L. Limoli +21 more
TL;DR: The remarkable normal tissue sparing afforded by FLASH may someday provide heretofore unrealized opportunities for dose escalation to the tumor bed, capabilities that promise to hasten the translation of this groundbreaking irradiation modality into clinical practice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity and implications for future clinical trials.
TL;DR: Better understanding the mechanisms mediating interactions among excessive generation of reactive oxygen species, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activated macrophages, and role of bone marrow-derived progenitor and stem cells may provide novel insight on the pathogenesis of radiation-induced injury of tissues.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neurocognitive function impairment after whole brain radiotherapy for brain metastases: actual assessment
Agnès Tallet,David Azria,Fabrice Barlesi,Jean-Philippe Spano,Antoine F. Carpentier,Antony Gonçalves,Philippe Metellus +6 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that neurocognitive decline is predominant at 4 months, strongly dependant on brain metastases control, partially solved at later time, graded 1 on a SOMA-LENT scale (only 8% of grade 2 and more), insufficiently assessed in long-term survivors, thus justifying all efforts to reduce it through irradiation modulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cranial irradiation compromises neuronal architecture in the hippocampus
TL;DR: Findings are unique in demonstrating dose-responsive changes in dendritic complexity, synaptic protein levels, spine density and morphology, alterations induced in hippocampal neurons by irradiation that persist for at least 1 mo, and that resemble similar types of changes found in many neurodegenerative conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
What happens to your brain on the way to Mars
Vipan K. Parihar,Barrett D. Allen,Katherine K. Tran,Trisha G. Macaraeg,Esther M. Chu,Stephanie F. Kwok,Nicole N. Chmielewski,Brianna M. Craver,Janet E. Baulch,Munjal M. Acharya,Francis A. Cucinotta,Charles L. Limoli +11 more
TL;DR: The data indicate an unexpected and unique susceptibility of the central nervous system to space radiation exposure, and argue that the underlying radiation sensitivity of delicate neuronal structure may well predispose astronauts to unintended mission-critical performance decrements and/or longer-term neurocognitive sequelae.
References
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