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Medical Problem Solving: An Analysis of Clinical Reasoning

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The article was published on 1978-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1600 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Model-based reasoning.

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What is empathy, and how can it be promoted during clinical clerkships?

TL;DR: S sustaining empathy and promoting medical professionalism among medical students may necessitate a change in the prevailing interviewing style in all clinical teaching settings, and a relocation of a larger proportion of clinical clerkships from the hospital setting to primary care clinics and chronic care, home care, and hospice facilities, where students can establish a continuing relationship with patients.
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A comparison of novice and expert nurses’ cue collection during clinical decision-making: Verbal protocol analysis

TL;DR: In the real world of practice expert nurses collect a broader range of cues to assess patient status than novice nurses, and were more proactive in collecting relevant cues and anticipating problems that may help identify patient problems.
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Clinical simulations: development and validation.

TL;DR: A process-based method of presenting information to the learner in the assessment phase is incorporated in simulations developed from actual clinical cases, recognized as mirroring practice reality and validation of this construct and that of expertise are considered.
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Objects, contradictions and collaboration in medical cognition: an activity-theoretical perspective

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that medical cognition is a collaborative achievement between the physician and the patient and a conceptual model for analyzing such contradictions is presented.
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The Teller, the Tale, and the One Being Told: The Narrative Nature of the Research Interview

TL;DR: This paper used the "iceberg" metaphor to describe the two kinds of interpretation: explicit interpretation and informal interpretation, which is what researchers write in their research reports and the tip of the iceberg is explicit interpretation, while the biggest part is informal interpretation.