Megafauna community assessment of polymetallic-nodule fields with cameras : platform and methodology comparison
Timm Schoening,Autun Purser,Daniel Langenkämper,Inken Suck,James Taylor,Daphne Cuvelier,Lidia Lins,Erik Simon-Lledó,Yann Marcon,Daniel O.B. Jones,Tim Wilhelm Nattkemper,Kevin Köser,Martin Zurowietz,Jens Greinert,José Nuno Gomes-Pereira +14 more
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TLDR
In this article, eight image datasets were collected from a discrete area of polymetallic-nodule-rich seafloor by an AUV and several towed camera "ocean floor observation systems" deployed at various altitudes above the seaflores.Abstract:
. With the mining of polymetallic nodules from the deep-sea seafloor once more evoking commercial interest, decisions must be taken on how to most efficiently regulate and monitor physical and community disturbance in these remote ecosystems.
Image-based approaches allow non-destructive assessment of the abundance of larger fauna to be derived from survey data, with repeat surveys of areas possible to allow time series data collection.
At the time of writing, key underwater imaging platforms commonly used to map seafloor fauna abundances are autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and towed camera “ocean floor observation systems” (OFOSs). These systems are highly customisable, with cameras, illumination sources and deployment protocols changing rapidly, even during a survey cruise.
In this study, eight image datasets were collected from a discrete area of polymetallic-nodule-rich seafloor by an AUV and several OFOSs deployed at various altitudes above the seafloor. A fauna identification catalogue was used by five annotators to estimate the abundances of 20 fauna categories from the different datasets.
Results show that, for many categories of megafauna, differences in image resolution greatly influenced the estimations of fauna abundance determined by the annotators. This is an important finding for the development of future monitoring legislation for these areas. When and if commercial exploitation of these marine resources commences, robust and verifiable standards which incorporate developing technological advances in camera-based monitoring surveys should be key to developing appropriate management regulations for these regions.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Assessing plume impacts caused by polymetallic nodule mining vehicles
Philip Pe Weaver,Jacopo Aguzzi,Rachel E. Boschen-Rose,Allwyn Colaco,Henko de Stigter,Sabine Gollner,Matthias Haeckel,Chris Hauton,R.L.J. Helmons,D.O.B. Jones,Hannah Lily,Nélia C. Mestre,C. S. Mohn,Laurenz Thomsen +13 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors discuss the impacts of plumes generated near the seabed by mining vehicles and how they might be measured in such challenging environments, and discuss how these vehicles could be compared so that better engineering designs could be selected and to encourage innovation in dealing with plume generation and spread.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Is one annotation enough? A data-centric image classification benchmark for noisy and ambiguous label estimation
Lars Schmarje,Vasco Grossmann,Claudius Zelenka,S. Dippel,Rainer Kiko,Mariusz Oszust,Matti Pastell,Jenny Stracke,Anna Valros,Nina Volkmann,Reinahrd Koch +10 more
TL;DR: This work proposes a data-centric image classification benchmark with nine real-world datasets and multiple annotations per image to investigate and quantify the impact of data quality issues, and identifies that hard labels can not capture the ambiguity of the data and this might lead to the common issue of overcon fident models.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparing the Performance of a Remotely Operated Vehicle, a Drop Camera, and a Trawl in Capturing Deep-Sea Epifaunal Abundance and Diversity
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the use of imagery collected by two non-invasive tools (remotely operated vehicle and drop camera) and data collected with a trawl system, commonly used to quantify epibenthic megafauna in the deep sea.
Journal ArticleDOI
Making marine image data FAIR
Timm Schoening,Jennifer M. Durden,Claas Faber,Janine Felden,Karl Heger,Henk-Jan T. Hoving,Rainer Kiko,Kevin Köser,Christopher Krämmer,Tom Kwasnitschka,Klas Ove Möller,David Nakath,Andrea Nass,Tim Wilhelm Nattkemper,Autun Purser,Martin Zurowietz +15 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors propose the use of image FAIR Digital Objects (iFDOs) and present an infrastructure environment to create and exploit such FAIR digital objects, and show how these iFDOs can be created, validated, managed and stored.
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