Journal ArticleDOI
Modelling particle retention in the alveolar–interstitial region of the human lungs
TLDR
A simple physiologically based model developed to predict lung and lymph node particle retention in coal miners was found to represent lung retention in these studies adequately and was fitted to default parameter values for general use.Abstract:
Better information is available now on long-term particle retention in the human lungs than there was in 1994, when the human respiratory tract model (HRTM) was adopted by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Three recent studies are especially useful because they provide such information for groups of people who inhaled very similar aerosols. For all three the HRTM significantly underestimates lung retention of insoluble material. The purpose of this work was to improve the modelling of long-term retention in the deep lung. A simple physiologically based model developed to predict lung and lymph node particle retention in coal miners was found to represent lung retention in these studies adequately. Instead of the three alveolar-interstitial (AI) compartments in the HRTM, it has an alveolar compartment which clears to the bronchial tree and to a second compartment, representing the interstitium, which clears only to lymph nodes. The main difference from the HRTM AI model is that a significant fraction of the AI deposit is sequestered in the interstitium. To obtain default parameter values for general use, the model was fitted to data from the three recent studies, and also the experimental data used in development of the HRTM to define particle transport from the AI region for the first year after intake. The result of the analysis is that about 40% of the AI deposit of insoluble particles is sequestered in the interstitium and the remaining fraction is cleared to the ciliated airways with a half-time of about 300 days. For some long-lived radionuclides in relatively insoluble form (type S), this increased retention increases the lung dose per unit intake by 50-100% compared to the HRTM value.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
ICRP Publication 130: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 1.
François Paquet,George Etherington,Michael Bailey,R. W. Leggett,J. L. Lipsztein,Wesley E. Bolch,Keith F. Eckerman,John Harrison +7 more
TL;DR: This report is the first in a series of reports replacing Publications 30 and 68 to provide revised dose coefficients for occupational intakes of radionuclides by inhalation and ingestion, and provides some guidance on monitoring programmes and data interpretation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Response to the Reply on behalf of the 'Permanent Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area' (MAK Commission) by Andrea Hartwig Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT).
Peter Morfeld,Joachim Bruch,Len Levy,Yufanyi Ngiewih,Ishrat Chaudhuri,Henry J. Muranko,Ross Myerson,Ross Myerson,Robert J. McCunney,Robert J. McCunney +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors pointed out that the MAK Commission did not dispute the arithmetical error lowering Model B's GBS limit value erroneously from 2.0 mg/m to 0.5mg/m.
Journal ArticleDOI
Risk Assessment and Risk Management of Nanomaterials in the Workplace: Translating Research to Practice
TL;DR: A state-of-the-art overview on translating current hazard research data and risk assessment methods for nanomaterials to the development and implementation of effective risk management guidance is provided.
Book ChapterDOI
European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals
TL;DR: Gribble et al. as mentioned in this paper presented a revision of the previous edition article by Michael Gribble, volume 4, pp 504-506, © 2005, Elsevier Inc.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluating the mechanistic evidence and key data gaps in assessing the potential carcinogenicity of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers in humans.
Eileen D. Kuempel,Marie Claude Jaurand,Peter Møller,Yasuo Morimoto,Norihiro Kobayashi,Kent E. Pinkerton,Linda M. Sargent,Roel Vermeulen,Bice Fubini,Agnes B. Kane +9 more
TL;DR: An extended, in-depth examination of the in vivo and in vitro experimental studies according to current hypotheses on the carcinogenicity of inhaled particles and fibers on the cancer risk to workers exposed to airborne CNT or CNF during the production and use of these materials is provided.
References
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Numerical Recipes, The Art of Scientific Computing
Book
Numerical Recipes 3rd Edition: The Art of Scientific Computing
TL;DR: This new edition incorporates more than 400 Numerical Recipes routines, many of them new or upgraded, and adopts an object-oriented style particularly suited to scientific applications.