Natural Microbe-Mediated Refractoriness to Plasmodium Infection in Anopheles gambiae
Chris M. Cirimotich,Yuemei Dong,April M. Clayton,Simone L. Sandiford,Jayme A. Souza-Neto,Musapa Mulenga,George Dimopoulos +6 more
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TLDR
An Enterobacter bacterium isolated from wild mosquito populations in Zambia is identified that renders the mosquito resistant to infection with the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum by interfering with parasite development before invasion of the midgut epithelium.Abstract:
Malaria parasite transmission depends on the successful transition of Plasmodium through discrete developmental stages in the lumen of the mosquito midgut. Like the human intestinal tract, the mosquito midgut contains a diverse microbial flora, which may compromise the ability of Plasmodium to establish infection. We have identified an Enterobacter bacterium isolated from wild mosquito populations in Zambia that renders the mosquito resistant to infection with the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum by interfering with parasite development before invasion of the midgut epithelium. Phenotypic analyses showed that the anti-Plasmodium mechanism requires small populations of replicating bacteria and is mediated through a mosquito-independent interaction with the malaria parasite. We show that this anti-Plasmodium effect is largely caused by bacterial generation of reactive oxygen species.read more
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The gut microbiota of insects - diversity in structure and function.
Philipp Engel,Nancy A. Moran +1 more
TL;DR: Gut bacteria of other insects have also been shown to contribute to nutrition, protection from parasites and pathogens, modulation of immune responses, and communication, and the extent of these roles is still unclear and awaits further studies.
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Multiorganismal Insects: Diversity and Function of Resident Microorganisms
TL;DR: Priorities for future research include elucidation of microbial contributions to detoxification, especially of plant allelochemicals in phytophagous insects, and resistance to pathogens; as well as their role in among-insect communication; and the potential value of manipulation of the microbiota to control insect pests.
Journal ArticleDOI
Midgut microbiota of the malaria mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae and interactions with Plasmodium falciparum infection
Anne Boissière,Majoline T. Tchioffo,Dipankar Bachar,Luc Abate,Alexandra Marie,Sandrine E. Nsango,Sandrine E. Nsango,Hamid Reza Shahbazkia,Hamid Reza Shahbazkia,Parfait Awono-Ambene,Elena A. Levashina,Richard Christen,Isabelle Morlais +12 more
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that the composition of the vector gut microbiota is one of the major components that determine the outcome of mosquito infections, and the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in the mosquito midgut correlates significantly with the Plasmodium infection status.
Journal ArticleDOI
Wolbachia Invades Anopheles stephensi Populations and Induces Refractoriness to Plasmodium Infection
Guowu Bian,Deepak Joshi,Yuemei Dong,Peng Lu,Guoli Zhou,Xiaoling Pan,Yao Xu,George Dimopoulos,Zhiyong Xi,Zhiyong Xi +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the establishment of a stable Wolbachia infection in an important malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, was reported, and the infection exhibited both perfect maternal transmission and the ability to induce high levels of cytoplasmic incompatibility.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mosquitoes rely on their gut microbiota for development.
TL;DR: It is suggested that three mosquito species spanning the breadth of the Culicidae depend on their gut microbiome for development, and pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA provides new insights about the acquisition and structure of bacterial communities in mosquitoes.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Implication of the mosquito midgut microbiota in the defense against malaria parasites.
TL;DR: The microbiota plays an essential role in modulating the mosquito's capacity to sustain Plasmodium infection, and it is shown that the microbiota can modulate the anti-PlasModium effects of some immune genes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anopheles gambiae immune responses to human and rodent Plasmodium parasite species.
Yuemei Dong,Ruth Aguilar,Zhiyong Xi,Emma Warr,Emmanuel Mongin,Emmanuel Mongin,George Dimopoulos +6 more
TL;DR: DNA microarray analyses have been used to compare Anopheles gambiae responses to invasion of the midgut epithelium by the ookinete stage of the human pathogen Plasmodium falciparum and the rodent experimental model pathogen P. berghei, and indicate that the mosquito is capable of sensing infected blood constituents in the absence of invading ookinetes, thereby inducing anti-Plas modium immune responses.
Journal ArticleDOI
The mosquito Anopheles stephensi limits malaria parasite development with inducible synthesis of nitric oxide
TL;DR: It is discovered that the mosquito Anopheles stephensi, a natural vector of human malaria, limits parasite development with inducible synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), and dietary provision of the NOS substrate L-arginine reduced Plasmodium infections in A.stephensi.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of reactive oxygen species on Plasmodium melanotic encapsulation in Anopheles gambiae
Sanjeev Kumar,George K. Christophides,Rafael Cantera,Bradley Charles,Yeon Soo Han,Yeon Soo Han,Stephan Meister,George Dimopoulos,Fotis C. Kafatos,Carolina Barillas-Mury,Carolina Barillas-Mury +10 more
TL;DR: Morphological and microarray mRNA expression analysis suggest that the refractory and susceptible strains have broad physiological differences, which are related to the production and detoxification of reactive oxygen species.
Journal ArticleDOI
A peroxidase/dual oxidase system modulates midgut epithelial immunity in Anopheles gambiae.
TL;DR: It is shown that a peroxidase, secreted by the Anopheles gambiae midgut, and dual oxidase form a dityrosine network that decreases gut permeability to immune elicitors, which protects the microbiota by preventing activation of epithelial immunity.
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