Mosquitoes rely on their gut microbiota for development.
TLDR
It is suggested that three mosquito species spanning the breadth of the Culicidae depend on their gut microbiome for development, and pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA provides new insights about the acquisition and structure of bacterial communities in mosquitoes.Abstract:
Field studies indicate adult mosquitoes (Culicidae) host low diversity communities of bacteria that vary greatly among individuals and species. In contrast, it remains unclear how adult mosquitoes acquire their microbiome, what influences community structure, and whether the microbiome is important for survival. Here, we used pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA to characterize the bacterial communities of three mosquito species reared under identical conditions. Two of these species, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae, are anautogenous and must blood-feed to produce eggs, while one, Georgecraigius atropalpus, is autogenous and produces eggs without blood feeding. Each mosquito species contained a low diversity community comprised primarily of aerobic bacteria acquired from the aquatic habitat in which larvae developed. Our results suggested that the communities in Ae. aegypti and An. gambiae larvae share more similarities with one another than with G. atropalpus. Studies with Ae. aegypti also strongly suggested that adults transstadially acquired several members of the larval bacterial community, but only four genera of bacteria present in blood fed females were detected on eggs. Functional assays showed that axenic larvae of each species failed to develop beyond the first instar. Experiments with Ae. aegypti indicated several members of the microbial community and Escherichia coli successfully colonized axenic larvae and rescued development. Overall, our results provide new insights about the acquisition and structure of bacterial communities in mosquitoes. They also indicate that three mosquito species spanning the breadth of the Culicidae depend on their gut microbiome for development.read more
Citations
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Drosophila microbiome modulates host developmental and metabolic homeostasis via insulin signaling
Seung Chul Shin,Seung Chul Shin,Sung-Hee Kim,Hyejin You,Hyejin You,Bo-Ram Kim,Bo-Ram Kim,Aeri C. Kim,Aeri C. Kim,Kyung-Ah Lee,Joo-Heon Yoon,Ji-Hwan Ryu,Won-Jae Lee +12 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Microbiome evolution along divergent branches of the vertebrate tree of life: what is known and unknown.
TL;DR: The state of microbiome studies of nonmammalian vertebrates are reviewed and a synthesis of emerging patterns in the microbiome of those organisms is provided, highlighting the importance of collection methods, and the need for greater taxonomic sampling of natural rather than captive hosts.
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Aedes aegypti vector competence studies: A review.
TL;DR: This large literature including studies on the effect of the mosquito microbiota on competence is reviewed, showing that it would be a great advance in this type of research to implement standardized procedures in order to obtain comparable and reproducible results.
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Mosquitoes host communities of bacteria that are essential for development but vary greatly between local habitats.
TL;DR: The results indicate that several mosquito species require living bacteria for development, and it is hypothesized that these species do not rely on particular bacteria because larvae do not reliably encounter the same bacteria in the aquatic habitats they develop in.
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Insect pathogenic fungus interacts with the gut microbiota to accelerate mosquito mortality.
TL;DR: A contributory role for the gut microbiota is discovered in promoting fungal killing of mosquitoes via down-regulation of antimicrobial peptides and dual oxidase in the midgut and new insights are provided into the mechanisms of fungal pathogenesis in insects.
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