Journal ArticleDOI
Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: diagnosis and management
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TLDR
Some non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, including depression, constipation, pain, genitourinary problems, and sleep disorders, can be improved with available treatments and need the introduction of novel non-dopaminergic drugs.Abstract:
The clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease rests on the identification of the characteristics related to dopamine deficiency that are a consequence of degeneration of the substantia nigra pars compacta. However, non-dopaminergic and non-motor symptoms are sometimes present before diagnosis and almost inevitably emerge with disease progression. Indeed, non-motor symptoms dominate the clinical picture of advanced Parkinson's disease and contribute to severe disability, impaired quality of life, and shortened life expectancy. By contrast with the dopaminergic symptoms of the disease, for which treatment is available, non-motor symptoms are often poorly recognised and inadequately treated. However, attention is now being focused on the recognition and quantitation of non-motor symptoms, which will form the basis of improved treatments. Some non-motor symptoms, including depression, constipation, pain, genitourinary problems, and sleep disorders, can be improved with available treatments. Other non-motor symptoms can be more refractory and need the introduction of novel non-dopaminergic drugs. Inevitably, the development of treatments that can slow or prevent the progression of Parkinson's disease and its multicentric neurodegeneration provides the best hope of curing non-motor symptoms.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Systematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson's disease
TL;DR: A systematic review of studies reporting LEDs yielded a standardized LED for each drug, providing a useful tool to express dose intensity of different antiparkinsonian drug regimens on a single scale.
Journal ArticleDOI
Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: dopaminergic pathophysiology and treatment
TL;DR: The dopaminergic basis of the range of non-motor symptoms that occur in PD such as depression, apathy, sleep disorders (including rapid-eye movement sleep behaviour disorder), and erectile dysfunction are investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
The PRIAMO study: A multicenter assessment of nonmotor symptoms and their impact on quality of life in Parkinson's disease
Paolo Barone,Angelo Antonini,Carlo Colosimo,Roberto Marconi,Letterio Morgante,Tania P. Avarello,Eugenio Bottacchi,Antonino Cannas,Gabriella Ceravolo,Roberto Ceravolo,Giulio Cicarelli,Roberto M. Gaglio,Rosa M. Giglia,Francesco Iemolo,M. Manfredi,Giuseppe Meco,Alessandra Nicoletti,Massimo Pederzoli,Alfredo Petrone,Antonio Pisani,Francesco E. Pontieri,Rocco Quatrale,Silvia Ramat,Rosanna Scala,Giuseppe Volpe,Salvatore Zappulla,Anna Rita Bentivoglio,Fabrizio Stocchi,Giorgio Trianni,Paolo Del Dotto +29 more
TL;DR: A key role for NMS in the clinical frame of PD is supported and the need to address them specifically in clinical trials using dedicated scales is addressed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Non-motor features of Parkinson disease.
TL;DR: Recent advances that have helped to establish the presence, severity and effect on the quality of life of non-motor symptoms in PD are discussed, and the neuroanatomical and neuropharmacological mechanisms involved are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution of cognitive dysfunction in an incident Parkinson's disease cohort
TL;DR: This work clarifies the profile of cognitive dysfunction in early PD and demonstrates that the dementing process in this illness is heralded by both postural and gait dysfunction and cognitive deficits with a posterior cortical basis, reflecting probable non-dopaminergic cortical Lewy body pathology.
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