Q2. Why is technological change conceptualized as an incremental process?
Because new vintages are gradually added to the existing capital stock, technological change is conceptualized as an incremental process with time lags.
Q3. What is the main mechanism for increasing the pressure?
Early SMT scholars highlighted the mobilization of resources (members, money, expertise) as the main mechanism for increasing the pressure (McCarthy and Zald, 1977).
Q4. What is the role of the MLP in the creation of fit between variations and election environments?
But the creation of fit between variations and election environments is also seen as an enacted and multiimensional process that not only involves markets, but also social, olitical and cultural dimensions.
Q5. What does the strategy planning school have to say about transitions?
The strategy planning school has little to say about transitions, because it assumes stable conditions where plans can be made and administered.
Q6. What makes it difficult to investigate interactions between niches and regimes?
functionalism makes it difficult to investigate interactions between niches and regimes, which are crucial in the MLP.
Q7. What is the definition of sustainability transitions?
For sustainability transitions, structural-functionalism argues hat societies, especially policy makers, should set overarching nvironmental goals (e.g. the Kyoto Protocol, Millennium Develpment Goals).
Q8. What is the MLP s criticism of functionalists?
The MLP has been criticized for being functionalist (Smith et l., 2005; Genus and Coles, 2008), although more via labelling than ubstantiated argument (see also footnote 7).
Q9. Why is it rational to postpone green investments?
On the one hand, it may be rational to postpone ‘green’ invest-4 Policym p t t B r c f o t F i p d22e o l e c c fi n u m t l a a l i ( m s t ( t d m t a a2t e e “ s s t i tc s a i s c aents because of future uncertainties in government regulations, rice fluctuations, the degree to which environmental concerns ranslate into a willingness to pay more for green products, and he emergence of ‘green’ markets (Rugman and Verbeke, 1998).
Q10. What is the main difference between the MLP and the conflict ontology?
The MLP already makes crossovers to the conflict ontology, because power and politics form an important dimension of selection environments that usually stabilize existing regimes (through corporatist networks and favourable regulations) and hinder the breakthrough of niche-innovations.
Q11. What is the broader approach to transitions?
A broader approach to transitions focuses on shifts in technoeconomic paradigms (TEP) that span the entire economy (Freeman and Perez, 1988).