Journal ArticleDOI
Optical properties of the ash from El Chichon volcano
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The visible wavelength optical properties of the ash from the 1982 El Chichon eruptions are measured using ash samples collected at three surface sites at distances between 12 and 80 km from the volcano as discussed by the authors.Abstract:
The visible wavelength optical properties of the ash from the 1982 El Chichon eruptions are measured using ash samples collected at three surface sites at distances between 12 and 80 km from the volcano. The most distant sample is assumed to be the most representative of the silicate ash injected into the stratosphere. The measured optical properties are presented as a complex refractive index n, while the aerosol absorption is expressed as the imaginary component of the refractive index, n sub IM. Results show that each of these samples exhibited low values of absorption, with n sub IM at 500 nm ranging from 0.0015 for the 12 km sample to 0.001 for the 80 km sample. Based on these measurements, it is estimated that n for the stratospheric silicate ash is given by n = 1.53 - 0.001i.read more
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Global distribution of UV-absorbing aerosols from Nimbus 7/TOMS data
TL;DR: In this paper, a global distribution of UV-absorbing aerosols is obtained using measured differences between the 340 and the 380 nm radiances from the Nimbus 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) for the years 1979-1993.
Journal ArticleDOI
Airborne observations of the Eyjafjalla volcano ash cloud over Europe during air space closure in April and May 2010
Ulrich Schumann,Bernadett Weinzierl,Oliver Reitebuch,Hans Schlager,Andreas Minikin,Caroline Forster,Robert Baumann,Thomas Sailer,Kaspar Graf,H. Mannstein,Christiane Voigt,Stephan Rahm,R. Simmet,Monika Scheibe,Michael Lichtenstern,Paul Stock,H. Rüba,Dominik Schäuble,Arnold Tafferner,Marc Rautenhaus,T. Gerz,Helmut Ziereis,M. Krautstrunk,Christian Mallaun,Jean-François Gayet,K. Lieke,Konrad Kandler,Martin Ebert,Stephan Weinbruch,Andreas Stohl,Josef Gasteiger,Silke Groß,Volker Freudenthaler,Matthias Wiegner,Albert Ansmann,Matthias Tesche,Haraldur Ólafsson,K. Sturm +37 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors performed in-situ measurements of volcanic ash plumes over Europe between Southern Germany and Iceland with the Falcon aircraft during the eruption period of the Eyjafjalla volcano between 19 April and 18 May 2010.
Journal ArticleDOI
Volcanic sulfur dioxide measurements from the total ozone mapping spectrometer instruments
Arlin J. Krueger,Louis S. Walter,P. K. Bhartia,Charles C. Schnetzler,Nickolay A. Krotkov,Ian E. Sprod,Gregg J. S. Bluth +6 more
TL;DR: The total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) as mentioned in this paper was used to estimate the SO2 absorption cross-section errors at the four shortest TOMS wavelengths and an empirical correction based on background condition residuals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Volcanic ash from Iceland over Munich: mass concentration retrieved from ground-based remote sensing measurements
TL;DR: In this article, the authors retrieve mass concentrations of volcanic ash from the lidar measurements; spectral optical properties, i.e., extinction coefficients, backscatter coefficients, and linear depolarization ratios, are used as input for an inversion algorithm searching for model aerosol ensembles with optical properties that agree with the measured values within their uncertainty ranges.
Journal ArticleDOI
In situ observations of volcanic ash clouds from the FAAM aircraft during the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in 2010
Ben Johnson,Kate Turnbull,P. R. A. Brown,Rachel Burgess,James Dorsey,Anthony J. Baran,Helen N. Webster,Jim Haywood,Jim Haywood,Richard Cotton,Zbigniew Ulanowski,Evelyn Hesse,A. Woolley,Philip D. Rosenberg +13 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the UK Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146 aircraft flew 12 flights targeting volcanic ash clouds around the UK and observed ash layers between altitudes of 2-8 km with peak mass concentrations typically between 200-2000μg/m3, as estimated from a Cloud and Aerosol Spectrometer (CAS).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Complex Index of Refraction Between 300 and 700 nm for Saharan Aerosols
TL;DR: In this article, the imaginary part and real part of the complex index of refraction for Saharan aerosols have been determined as a function of wavelength between 300 and 700 nm: nRE was determined by means of an immersion oil technique, and nIM was determined from measurements of the total diffuse reflectance of the aerosol by using the Kubelka-Munk theory.
Journal ArticleDOI
Volcanic explosions and climatic change: A theoretical assessment
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical assessment of the influence of volcanic activity on the climate is presented, and the dependence of various quantities of interest is plotted as a function of the change in the optical depth of the stratosphere at a reference wavelength.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Relation of the Physical Properties of Natural Glasses to Their Chemical Composition
TL;DR: Grout as mentioned in this paper presented a Geology Master's thesis at the University of Minnesota in 1920, with a focus on geology and astronomy, and used it in his doctoral dissertation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Measurements of the imaginary part of the refractive index between 300 and 700 nanometers for mount st. Helens ash.
TL;DR: The absorption properties, expressed as a wavelength-dependent imaginary index of refraction, of the Mount St. Helens ash from the 18 May 1980 eruption were measured between 300 and 700 nanometers by diffuse reflectance techniques.
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