Journal ArticleDOI
Oxygen Reduction Catalysts for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells from the Pyrolysis of Iron Acetate Adsorbed on Various Carbon Supports
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In this article, the effect of the carbon support on the catalytic activity of the catalysts was investigated and the specific surface area, the pore size distribution, the N and O contents, and the electrocatalytic activities of the 19 types of catalysts were measured.Abstract:
Nonnoble metal catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of oxygen in acidic medium have been produced by adsorbing iron(II) acetate on 19 carbon supports. These materials were then pyrolyzed in an atmosphere containing NH3. The 19 carbon supports are (i) six as-received commercial supports (Printex XE-2, Norit SX Ultra, Ketjenblack EC-600JD, acetylene black, Vulcan XC-72R, and Black Pearls 2000), (ii) three as-received developmental supports (Lonza HS300 and Sid Richardson RC1 and RC2), (iii) the same nine previous supports prepyrolyzed at 900 °C in an atmosphere containing NH3 to increase their N content, and (iv) a synthetic carbon made by pyrolyzing perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride at 900 °C in an atmosphere containing NH3. The goal of this study is to determine the effect of the carbon support on the catalytic activity of the catalysts. The specific surface area, the pore size distribution, the N and O contents, and the electrocatalytic activities of the 19 types of catalysts were measured. It ...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Activity benchmarks and requirements for Pt, Pt-alloy, and non-Pt oxygen reduction catalysts for PEMFCs
TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantified the activities and voltage loss modes for state-of-the-art MEAs (membrane electrode assemblies), specifies performance goals needed for automotive application, and provides benchmark oxygen reduction activities for state of the art platinum electrocatalysts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Scientific aspects of polymer electrolyte fuel cell durability and degradation.
Rodney L. Borup,Jeremy P. Meyers,Bryan S. Pivovar,Yu Seung Kim,Rangachary Mukundan,Nancy Garland,Deborah J. Myers,Mahlon S. Wilson,Fernando H. Garzon,David L. Wood,Piotr Zelenay,Karren L. More,Ken Stroh,Thomas A. Zawodzinski,James M. Boncella,James E. McGrath,Minoru Inaba,Kenji Miyatake,Michio Hori,Kenchiro Ota,Zempachi Ogumi,Seizo Miyata,Atsushi Nishikata,Zyun Siroma,Yoshiharu Uchimoto,Kazuaki Yasuda,Ken'ichi Kimijima,Norio Iwashita +27 more
TL;DR: The research focuses on the durability of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), in particular, membrane degradation, and he has been involved in NEDO R&D research projects on PEFC durability since 2001.
Journal ArticleDOI
Iron-based catalysts with improved oxygen reduction activity in polymer electrolyte fuel cells.
TL;DR: In this paper, a microporous carbon-supported iron-based catalysts with active sites believed to contain iron cations coordinated by pyridinic nitrogen functionalities in the interstices of graphitic sheets within the micropores was produced.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review on non-precious metal electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cells
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight the progress made over the past 40 years with a detailed discussion of recent works in the area of non-precious metal electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction, a necessary reaction at the PEM fuel cell cathode.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent advances in non-precious metal catalysis for oxygen-reduction reaction in polymer electrolyte fuel cells
Frédéric Jaouen,Eric Proietti,Michel Lefèvre,Régis Chenitz,Jean-Pol Dodelet,Gang Wu,Hoon T Chung,Christina Johnston,Piotr Zelenay +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the new synthesis methods that have led to these breakthroughs and analyze the improvements required from NPMC-based catalysts to match the performance of Pt-based cathodes, even at high current density.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution of nitrogen functionalities in carbonaceous materials during pyrolysis
TL;DR: In this paper, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to investigate the fate of nitrogen functional forms present in a lignite and its chars, derived from the model compounds acridine, carbazole and polyacrylonitrile (PAN).
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Heat-treated polyacrylonitrile-based catalysts for oxygen electroreduction
TL;DR: In this paper, a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) mixed with Co(II) or Fe(2) salts and high-area carbon and then heat treated, has been found to yield very promising catalysts for O2 reduction in concentrated alkaline and acid solutions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular Oxygen Reduction in PEM Fuel Cells: Evidence for the Simultaneous Presence of Two Active Sites in Fe-Based Catalysts
TL;DR: In this paper, three catalysts for the electroreduction of oxygen have been prepared by pyrolyzing between 400 and 1000 °C two iron precursors (Fe acetate or Fe porphyrin) adsorbed on a synthetic carbon made from the pyrolys of PTCDA (perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride) in a H2/NH3/Ar atmosphere.
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Origin of the Large N 1s Binding Energy in X-ray Photoelectron Spectra of Calcined Carbonaceous Materials
TL;DR: Theoretical models and ab initio Hartree−Fock wave functions are used to investigate the N 1s core level binding energies of N-containing calcined carbonaceous materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enhancement of the catalytic activity of activated carbons in oxidation reactions by thermal treatment with ammonia or hydrogen cyanide and observation of a superoxide species as a possible intermediate
TL;DR: In this paper, the catalytic activity of activated carbons in oxidation reactions with O2 is enhanced after treatment with NH3 or HCN at elevated temperatures (600-900°C).