Journal ArticleDOI
Perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to infants of seropositive women in Zaire.
Robert W. Ryder,W. Nsa,Susan E. Hassig,Frieda Behets,Mark A. Rayfield,Bayende Ekungola,Ann Marie Nelson,Utshudi Mulenda,Henry Francis,Kashamuka Mwandagalirwa,Farzin Davachi,Martha F. Rogers,Nzila Nzilambi,Alan E. Greenberg,Jonathan M. Mann,Thomas C. Quinn,Peter Piot,James Curran +17 more
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TLDR
It is concluded that the mortality rates among children of seropositive mothers are high regardless of socioeconomic status, and that perinatal transmission of HIV-1 has a major adverse effect on infant survival in Kinshasa.Abstract:
To examine perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in Zaire, we screened 8108 women who gave birth at one of two Kinshasa hospitals that serve populations of markedly different socioeconomic status. For up to one year, we followed the 475 infants of the 466 seropositive women (5.8 percent of those screened) and the 616 infants of 606 seronegative women matched for age, parity, and hospital. On the basis of clinical criteria, 85 of the seropositive women (18 percent) had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The infants of seropositive mothers, as compared with those of seronegative mothers, were more frequently premature, had lower birth weights, and had a higher death rate in the first 28 days (6.2 vs. 1.2 percent; P less than 0.0001). The patterns were similar at the two hospitals. Twenty-one percent of the cultures for HIV-1 of 92 randomly selected cord-blood samples from infants of seropositive women were positive. T4-cell counts were performed in 37 seropositive women, and cord blood from their infants was cultured. The cultures were positive in the infants of 6 of the 18 women with antepartum T4 counts of 400 or fewer cells per cubic millimeter, as compared with none of the infants of the 19 women with more than 400 T4 cells per cubic millimeter (P = 0.02). One year later, 21 percent of the infants of the seropositive mothers had died as compared with 3.8 percent of the control infants (P less than 0.001), and 7.9 percent of their surviving infants had AIDS. We conclude that the mortality rates among children of seropositive mothers are high regardless of socioeconomic status, and that perinatal transmission of HIV-1 has a major adverse effect on infant survival in Kinshasa.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Selective transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 variants from mothers to infants
Steven M. Wolinsky,Carla M. Wike,Bette T. Korber,Cecelia Hutto,Wade P. Parks,Lisa L. Rosenblum,Kevin J. Kunstman,Manohar R. Furtado,Jose Munoz +8 more
TL;DR: Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 sequences from the V3 and V4-V5 regions of the envelope gene demonstrated that a minor subset of maternal virus is transmitted to the infant.
Journal ArticleDOI
The association between maternal HIV infection and perinatal outcome : a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis
TL;DR: The association between maternal HIV infection and perinatal outcome was evaluated through a systematic literature review and a meta-analysis of the studies located as discussed by the authors, and the results suggest there is an association although not strong between maternal infection and adverse per-inatal outcomes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Obstetrical Factors and the Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 from Mother to Child
Sheldon Landesman,Leslie A. Kalish,David N. Burns,Howard Minkoff,Harold E. Fox,Carmen D. Zorrilla,Pat Garcia,Mary Glenn Fowler,Lynne M. Mofenson,Ruth Tuomala +9 more
TL;DR: The risk of transmission of HIV-1 from mother to infant increases when the fetal membranes rupture more than four hours before delivery, and illicit-drug use during pregnancy and birth weight independently associated with transmission are evaluated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Maternal vitamin A deficiency and mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1.
Richard D. Semba,John D. Chiphangwi,Paolo G. Miotti,Gina Dallabetta,Donald R. Hoover,Joseph K. Canner,Aj Saah +6 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that maternal vitamin A deficiency contributes to mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and the risk of an adverse outcome.
Ruth Tuomala,David Shapiro,Lynne M. Mofenson,Lynne M. Mofenson,Yvonne J. Bryson,Mary Culnane,Mary Culnane,Michael Hughes,Mary Jo O'Sullivan,Gwendolyn B. Scott,Alice Stek,Alice Stek,Diane W. Wara,Marc Bulterys +13 more
TL;DR: As compared with no antiretroviral therapy or monotherapy, combination therapy for HIV-1 infection in pregnant women is not associated with increased rates of premature delivery or with low birth weight, low Apgar scores, or stillbirth in their infants.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Clinical assessment of gestational age in the newborn infant
TL;DR: A scoring system for gestational age, based on 10 neurologic and 11 “external” criteria, has been applied to 167 newborn infants and gives consistent results within the first 5 days and is equally reliable in the first 24 hours of life.
Journal ArticleDOI
The contribution of low birth weight to infant mortality and childhood morbidity.
TL;DR: Continuation of the current decline in neonatal mortality and reduction of the mortality differentials between high- and low-risk groups require the identification and more effective implementation of strategies for the prevention of low-weight births.
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DNA amplification for direct detection of HIV-1 in DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Chin-Yih Ou,Shirley Kwok,Sheila W. Mitchell,David Henry Mack,John J. Sninsky,John W. Krebs,Paul M. Feorino,Donna T. Warfield,Gerald Schochetman +8 more
TL;DR: This method of DNA amplification made it possible to obtain results within 3 days, whereas virus isolation takes up to 3 to 4 weeks, and may therefore be used to complement or replace virus isolation as a routine means of determining HIV-1 infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epidemiology of HIV infection and AIDS in the United States
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Edward M. Connor,Rhoda S. Sperling,Richard D. Gelber,Pavel Kiselev,Gwendolyn B. Scott,Mary Jo O'Sullivan,Russell Vandyke,Mohammed Bey,William T. Shearer,Robert L. Jacobson,Eleanor Jimenez,Edward O’neill,Brigitte Bazin,Jean François Delfraissy,Mary Culnane,Robert W. Coombs,Mary Elkins,Jack Moye,Pamela Stratton,James Balsley +19 more