Journal ArticleDOI
Personalised cancer medicine
Sarah E. Jackson,John D. Chester +1 more
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TLDR
The efficacy of various targeted therapies in such disparate tumours suggests that the authors are entering an era in which treatment decisions will be based on tumour molecular abnormality profile or “signature,” rather than tumour tissue type or anatomical site of origin, improving patient prognosis and quality of life.Abstract:
The evolving field of personalised medicine is playing an increasingly important role in cancer prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics. Its importance in clinical management is demonstrated by the recent introduction into routine clinical practice of various individualised, molecularly targeted therapies with increased efficacy and/or reduced toxicity. The identification of cancer predisposition genes, such as the BRCA genes in breast cancer, permits screening programmes to identify patients “at-risk” of developing cancer and helps them make decisions on individual risk-modification behaviours. Personalised medicine also plays an increasingly important role in cancer treatment. It is increasingly clear that there are molecularly distinct subtypes of various common cancers, with different therapeutic approaches required for each subtype, for example, the use of the monoclonal antibodies (trastuzumab and cetuximab) in HER2-positive breast cancer and wild-type KRAS colorectal cancer; tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib, gefitinib, erlotinib and crizotinib) in chronic myeloid leukaemia, gastrointestinal stromal tumours and non-small-cell lung cancer and intracellular agents (vemurafenib and olaparib) in metastatic malignant melanoma and ovarian, breast and prostate cancer. The efficacy of various targeted therapies in such disparate tumours suggests that we are entering an era in which treatment decisions will be based on tumour molecular abnormality profile or “signature,” rather than tumour tissue type or anatomical site of origin, improving patient prognosis and quality of life. This mini review focuses on the role of personalised medicine in cancer prevention and treatment as well as its future direction in oncology.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
DNA repair pathways underlie a common genetic mechanism modulating onset in polyglutamine diseases.
Conceição Bettencourt,Davina Hensman‐Moss,Michael Flower,Sarah Wiethoff,Alexis Brice,Cyril Goizet,Giovanni Stevanin,Georgios Koutsis,Georgia Karadima,Marios Panas,Petra Yescas-Gómez,Lizbeth García-Velázquez,María Elisa Alonso-Vilatela,Manuela Lima,Mafalda Raposo,Bryan J. Traynor,Mary G. Sweeney,Nicholas W. Wood,Paola Giunti,Alexandra Durr,Peter Holmans,Henry Houlden,Sarah J. Tabrizi,Lesley Jones +23 more
TL;DR: This work tested whether the modifying effects of variants in DNA repair genes have wider effects in the polyglutamine diseases, including Huntington's disease and multiple spinocerebellar ataxias.
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The emergence of trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP-2) as a novel cancer target
TL;DR: When the irinotecan metabolite, SN-38, is conjugated to a humanized anti-TROP-2 antibody (sacituzumab govitecan), it shows potent broad anticancer activity in human cancer xenografts and in patients with advanced triple-negative breast, non-small cell and small-cell lung, as well as urothelial cancers.
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Systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of tumour budding in colorectal cancer
Ailín C. Rogers,Desmond C. Winter,Anna Heeney,David Gibbons,Alessandro Lugli,Giacomo Puppa,Kieran Sheahan +6 more
TL;DR: Tumour budding in CRC is strongly predictive of lymph node metastases, recurrence and cancer-related death at 5 years, and its incorporation into the CRC staging algorithm will contribute to more effective risk stratification.
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Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as drug carriers: clinical relevance.
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Chemoprevention of Colorectal Neoplasia: The Potential for Personalized Medicine
Nadir Arber,Bernard Levin +1 more
TL;DR: These landmark studies are very important, as they provide a proof of concept that the authors can prevent high risk adenomas that can lead to CRC development, and the ideal chemopreventive agent remains to be discovered.
Journal ArticleDOI
Erlotinib in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer: an update for clinicians.
TL;DR: The results of recent clinical trials with tyrosine kinase inhibitors are summarized, with a focus on erlotinib, as first-line treatment towards a form of personalized medicine aimed at improving clinical outcome in advanced NSCLC.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clinical Pharmacogenomics of Thiopurine S-methyltransferase
TL;DR: Identification of the TPMT mutant alleles allows physicians to tailor the dosage of the thiopurine drugs to the genotype of the patient or to use alternatives, improving therapeutic outcome.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of family history on choosing risk-reducing surgery among BRCA mutation carriers.
TL;DR: Perceptions of cancer risk are heavily influenced by particular features of an individual's family history and may be motivators in preventive surgery more than actual cancer risk estimations themselves.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Role of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators in the Prevention of Breast Cancer: Comparison of the Clinical Trials
Silvana Martino,Joseph P. Costantino,Michelle A. Mcnabb,John L. Mershon,Katherine B. Bryant,Trevor J. Powles,Roberta J. Secrest +6 more
TL;DR: Recent updates from these two trials and initial results from the International Breast Cancer Intervention Study are consistent with a risk reduction effect of tamoxifen for estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer.
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