Showing papers in "Gastroenterology in 2008"

TL;DR: Clinicians should be prepared to offer patients a choice between a screening test that is effective at both early cancer detection and cancer prevention through the detection and removal of polyps and those that can detect cancer early and also can detect adenomatous polyps.

TL;DR: Clinical and translational implications of these advances have become clear, and have begun to impact significantly on the management and outlook of patients with chronic liver disease.

TL;DR: This update focused on screening in asymptomatic, average-risk adults (aged 50 years), but also considered previous recommendations for persons at increased or high risk for CRC, including persons with a history of adenomatous polyps or a previous curative resection of CRC.

TL;DR: Altered microbial composition and function in inflammatory bowel diseases result in increased immune stimulation, epithelial dysfunction, or enhanced mucosal permeability, which should lead to selective targeted interventions that correct underlying abnormalities and induce sustained and predictable therapeutic responses.

TL;DR: Transient elastography can be performed with excellent diagnostic accuracy and independent of the underlying liver disease for the diagnosis of cirrhosis, however, for the diagnoses of significant fibrosis, a high variation of the AUROC was found that is dependent on the underlying Liver disease.

TL;DR: A summary of the most recent information on screening, diagnosis, staging, and different treatment modalities of HCC, as well as the recommended management approach is presented.

TL;DR: Immunosuppressive medications, especially when used in combination, and older age are associated with increased risk of opportunistic infections in inflammatory bowel disease patients.

TL;DR: Childhood-onset IBD is characterized by extensive intestinal involvement and rapid early progression, characterized by a "panenteric" phenotype.

TL;DR: This report summarizes the causes, clinical features, and outcomes from the first 300 patients enrolled in a prospective study to recruit patients with suspected idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury and create a repository of biological samples for analysis.

TL;DR: IAC should be suspected in unexplained biliary strictures associated with increased serum IgG4 and unexplained pancreatic disease, especially with proximal strictures, and the role of immunomodulatory drugs for relapses needs further study.

TL;DR: A new mechanism by which myeloid-derived suppressor cells exert their immunosuppressive function is proposed, through the induction of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells in cocultured CD 4(+) T cells.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify microsatellite instability and chromosome instability in colorectal cancer cells and determine the effects of the different forms of genomic instability on the biological and clinical behavior of colon tumors.

TL;DR: Ustekinumab induced a clinical response in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease, especially in patients previously given infliximab.

TL;DR: A number of recent advances regarding the molecular pathology, diagnosis, localization, and management of PETs are addressed including discussion of peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy and other novel antitumor approaches and a discussion of future directions and unsettled problems in the field.

TL;DR: G-FOBT significantly underestimates the prevalence of advanced adenomas and cancer in the screening population compared with I-FO BT, and the number-to-scope to find 1 cancer was comparable between the tests.

TL;DR: Achalasia can be categorized into 3 subtypes that are distinct in terms of their responsiveness to medical or surgical therapies that will likely strengthen future prospective studies of treatment efficacy in achalasia.

TL;DR: MTOR signaling has a critical role in the pathogenesis of HCC, with evidence for the role of RICTOR in hepato-oncogenesis, and a rationale for targeting the mTOR pathway in clinical trials in HCC is established.

TL;DR: Magnetic resonance elastography has a higher technical success rate than ultrasoundElastography and a better diagnostic accuracy than ultrasound elastsography and APRI for staging liver fibrosis.

TL;DR: Conditions in which mucosal injury is directly related to impairment in mucosal defense are discussed, focusing on disorders with important clinical sequelae: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-associated injury, which is primarily related to inhibition of cyclooxygenase-mediated PG synthesis, and stress-related mucosal disease (SRMD), which occurs with local ischemia.

TL;DR: The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute Medical Position Panel consisted of the authors of the technical review, an insurance provider representative, a community-based gastroenterologist, and the Chair of the AGA Institute Clinical Practice and Quality Management Committee.

TL;DR: Pioglitazone therapy over a 12-month period in nondiabetic subjects with NASH resulted in improvements in metabolic and histologic parameters, most notably liver injury and fibrosis.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed 434 patients who had undergone an initial resection for HCC and divided them into a multiple or single (n = 308) group according to the number of tumors.

TL;DR: This review offers an insight into H pylori host-bacterial interactions, a formidable pathogen responsible for much morbidity and mortality worldwide, with disease being an exception rather than the rule.

TL;DR: This study demonstrates a substantial economic burden of IBD and can be used to inform health policy as well as identify sociodemographic factors influencing these costs.

TL;DR: Patients with premalignant gastric lesions are at considerable risk of gastric cancer, and current surveillance of these patients is inconsistent with their cancer risk, and development of guidelines is indicated.

TL;DR: In patients with NASH, rosiglitazone improves steatosis and transaminase levels despite weight gain, an effect related to an improvement in insulin sensitivity, however, there is no improvement in other parameters of liver injury.

TL;DR: Pediatric Crohn's disease was characterized by frequent occurrence, with time, of a severe phenotype with extensive, complicated disease and immunosuppressive therapy may improve the natural history of this disease and decrease the need for performing surgery.

TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content and insulin action in liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue was determined in nondiabetic obese subjects.

TL;DR: Terrlipressin is an effective treatment to improve renal function in HRS type 1 and transplantation-free survival was similar between study groups; HRS reversal significantly improved survival at day 180.

TL;DR: Although both NAFL and NASH are associated with eIF-2alpha phosphorylation, there is a failure to activate downstream recovery pathways, ie, ATF4-CHOP-GADD34.