Journal ArticleDOI
Personalised cancer medicine
Sarah E. Jackson,John D. Chester +1 more
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TLDR
The efficacy of various targeted therapies in such disparate tumours suggests that the authors are entering an era in which treatment decisions will be based on tumour molecular abnormality profile or “signature,” rather than tumour tissue type or anatomical site of origin, improving patient prognosis and quality of life.Abstract:
The evolving field of personalised medicine is playing an increasingly important role in cancer prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics. Its importance in clinical management is demonstrated by the recent introduction into routine clinical practice of various individualised, molecularly targeted therapies with increased efficacy and/or reduced toxicity. The identification of cancer predisposition genes, such as the BRCA genes in breast cancer, permits screening programmes to identify patients “at-risk” of developing cancer and helps them make decisions on individual risk-modification behaviours. Personalised medicine also plays an increasingly important role in cancer treatment. It is increasingly clear that there are molecularly distinct subtypes of various common cancers, with different therapeutic approaches required for each subtype, for example, the use of the monoclonal antibodies (trastuzumab and cetuximab) in HER2-positive breast cancer and wild-type KRAS colorectal cancer; tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib, gefitinib, erlotinib and crizotinib) in chronic myeloid leukaemia, gastrointestinal stromal tumours and non-small-cell lung cancer and intracellular agents (vemurafenib and olaparib) in metastatic malignant melanoma and ovarian, breast and prostate cancer. The efficacy of various targeted therapies in such disparate tumours suggests that we are entering an era in which treatment decisions will be based on tumour molecular abnormality profile or “signature,” rather than tumour tissue type or anatomical site of origin, improving patient prognosis and quality of life. This mini review focuses on the role of personalised medicine in cancer prevention and treatment as well as its future direction in oncology.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
DNA repair pathways underlie a common genetic mechanism modulating onset in polyglutamine diseases.
Conceição Bettencourt,Davina Hensman‐Moss,Michael Flower,Sarah Wiethoff,Alexis Brice,Cyril Goizet,Giovanni Stevanin,Georgios Koutsis,Georgia Karadima,Marios Panas,Petra Yescas-Gómez,Lizbeth García-Velázquez,María Elisa Alonso-Vilatela,Manuela Lima,Mafalda Raposo,Bryan J. Traynor,Mary G. Sweeney,Nicholas W. Wood,Paola Giunti,Alexandra Durr,Peter Holmans,Henry Houlden,Sarah J. Tabrizi,Lesley Jones +23 more
TL;DR: This work tested whether the modifying effects of variants in DNA repair genes have wider effects in the polyglutamine diseases, including Huntington's disease and multiple spinocerebellar ataxias.
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The emergence of trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP-2) as a novel cancer target
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Long-term effect of aspirin on cancer risk in carriers of hereditary colorectal cancer: an analysis from the CAPP2 randomised controlled trial
John Burn,Anne-Marie Gerdes,Finlay A. Macrae,Jukka-Pekka Mecklin,Gabriela Moeslein,Sylviane Olschwang,D. Eccles,D. Gareth Evans,Eamonn R. Maher,Lucio Bertario,Marie Luise Bisgaard,Malcolm G. Dunlop,Judy W. C. Ho,Shirley V. Hodgson,Annika Lindblom,Jan Lubinski,Patrick J. Morrison,Victoria Murday,Raj Ramesar,Lucy Side,Rodney J. Scott,Huw Thomas,Hans F. A. Vasen,Gail Barker,Gillian Crawford,Faye Elliott,Mohammad Movahedi,Kirsi Pylvänäinen,Juul T. Wijnen,Riccardo Fodde,Henry T. Lynch,John C. Mathers,D. Timothy Bishop +32 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The BATTLE Trial: Personalizing Therapy for Lung Cancer
Edward S. Kim,Roy S. Herbst,Ignacio I. Wistuba,J. Jack Lee,George R. Blumenschein,Anne Tsao,David J. Stewart,Marshall E. Hicks,Jeremy J. Erasmus,Sanjay Gupta,Christine M. Alden,Suyu Liu,Ximing Tang,Fadlo R. Khuri,Hai T. Tran,Bruce E. Johnson,John V. Heymach,Li Mao,Frank V. Fossella,Merrill S. Kies,Vassiliki A. Papadimitrakopoulou,Suzanne E. Davis,Scott M. Lippman,Waun Ki Hong +23 more
TL;DR: The BATTLE study is the first completed prospective, adaptively randomized study in heavily pretreated NSCLC patients that mandated tumor profiling with "real-time" biopsies, taking a substantial step toward realizing personalized lung cancer therapy by integrating real-time molecular laboratory findings.
Journal ArticleDOI
The molecular genetics of colorectal cancer
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Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding resistance to EGFR inhibitors-impact on future treatment strategies.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Trastuzumab containing regimens for early breast cancer
Lorenzo Moja,Ludovica Tagliabue,Sara Balduzzi,Elena Parmelli,Vanna Pistotti,Valentina Guarneri,Roberto D'Amico +6 more
TL;DR: Trastuzumab significantly improves OS and DFS in HER2-positive women with early and locally advanced breast cancer, although it also significantly increases the risk of CHF and LVEF decline.
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