Pharmacological Evaluation of Total Alkaloids from Nux Vomica: Effect of Reducing Strychnine Contents
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TLDR
MTAF might replace NVP and TAF in the clinical application of Chinese medicine to obtain much higher efficacy and significantly increased pharmacological activities when administered by the oral route were obtained with MTAF.Abstract:
The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of improving the therapeutic efficacy of the total alkaloid fraction (TAF) extracted from processed nux vomica by reducing the strychnine contents. Most strychnine was removed from TAF to obtain the modified total alkaloid fraction (MTAF). The toxicity and pharmacokinetics of TAF and MTAF were further investigated and compared besides their antitumor, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The results showed that the ratios of brucine to strychnine were 1:2.05 and 2.2:1 for TAF and MTAF, respectively, and the toxicity of TAF was about 3.17-fold higher than that of MTAF. Compared to brucine alone, the elimination of brucine was found to be inhibited by other alkaloids in TAF or MTAF except strychnine. Significantly increased pharmacological activities when administered by the oral route were obtained with MTAF in comparison to TAF and nux vomica powder (NVP). In summary, MTAF might replace NVP and TAF in the clinical application of Chinese medicine to obtain much higher efficacy.read more
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of brucine and brucine N-oxide extracted from seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica.
TL;DR: The results suggest that central and peripheral mechanism are involved in the pain modulation and anti-inflammation effects of brucine and Brucine N-oxide, biochemical mechanisms of bru cine and brucines N -oxide are different even though they are similar in chemical structure.
Journal ArticleDOI
The anti-tumor effects of alkaloids from the seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica on HepG2 cells and its possible mechanism
Xu-Kun Deng,Wu Yin,Weidong Li,Fangzhou Yin,Xiaoyu Lu,Xiao-Chun Zhang,Zi-Chun Hua,Baochang Cai +7 more
TL;DR: It is indicated that the major alkaloids present in the seed of Strychnos nux-vomica are effective against HepG2 cells proliferation, among which brucine proceed HepG 2 cells death via apoptosis, probably through the participation of caspase-3 and cyclooxygenase-2.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rapid and accurate determination of the median lethal dose (LD50) and its error with a small computer
TL;DR: A program for a small digital computer was developed to calculate the median lethal dose (LD50) and its errors and results indicate a high degree of accuracy compared with calculations performed by Bliss.
Journal ArticleDOI
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity and pharmacokinetics of alkaloids from seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica after transdermal administration: Effect of changes in alkaloid composition
Jun Chen,Xuan Wang,Xuan Wang,Yan-ge Qu,Yan-ge Qu,Zhi-peng Chen,Zhi-peng Chen,Hao Cai,Hao Cai,Xiao Liu,Xiao Liu,Fei Xu,Tu-lin Lu,Tu-lin Lu,Cai Baochang,Cai Baochang +15 more
TL;DR: The results from the present study appeared to support the viewpoint that most strychnine should be removed from TAF to improve analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fatal strychnine poisoning--a case report and review of the literature.
TL;DR: Pathological findings consisted of an early onset of postmortem rigidity and microscopic hemorrhages with minimal degenerative neuronal changes in the spinal cord and the highest tissue concentrations of strychnine were found in the bile and liver.