Journal ArticleDOI
Photosynthetic control of chloroplast gene expression
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Here it is shown that the redox state of plastoquinone also controls the rate of transcription of genes encoding reaction-centre apoproteins of photosystem I and photosystem II, and the stoichiometry between the two photosystems changes in a way that counteracts the inefficiency produced when either photosystem limits the rates of the other.Abstract:
Redox chemistry—the transfer of electrons or hydrogen atoms—is central to energy conversion in respiration and photosynthesis. In photosynthesis in chloroplasts, two separate, light-driven reactions, termed photosystem I and photosystem II, are connected in series by a chain of electron carriers1,2,3. The redox state of one connecting electron carrier, plastoquinone, governs the distribution of absorbed light energy between photosystems I and II by controlling the phosphorylation of a mobile, light-harvesting, pigment–protein complex4,5. Here we show that the redox state of plastoquinone also controls the rate of transcription of genes encoding reaction-centre apoproteins of photosystem I and photosystem II. As a result of this control, the stoichiometry between the two photosystems changes in a way that counteracts the inefficiency produced when either photosystem limits the rate of the other. In eukaryotes, these reaction-centre proteins are encoded universally within the chloroplast. Photosynthetic control of chloroplast gene expression indicates an evolutionary explanation for this rule: the redox signal-transduction pathway can be short, the response rapid, and the control direct.read more
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Functional cartography of complex metabolic networks
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Endosymbiotic Gene Transfer: Organelle Genomes Forge Eukaryotic Chromosomes
TL;DR: Genome sequences reveal that a deluge of DNA from organelle DNA has constantly been bombarding the nucleus since the origin of organelles, abolished organelle autonomy and increased nuclear complexity.
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Redox Regulation in Photosynthetic Organisms: Signaling, Acclimation, and Practical Implications
Christine H. Foyer,Graham Noctor +1 more
TL;DR: This review focuses on current knowledge of the pathways of redox regulation, with discussion of the somewhat juxtaposed hypotheses of "oxidative damage" versus "Oxidative signaling," within the wider context of physiological function, from plant cell biology to potential applications.
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Redox sensing and signalling associated with reactive oxygen in chloroplasts, peroxisomes and mitochondria
Christine H. Foyer,Graham Noctor +1 more
TL;DR: The network of redox signals from energy-generating organelles orchestrates metabolism to adjust energy production to utilization, interfacing with hormone signalling to respond to environmental change at every stage of plant development.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Determination of accurate extinction coefficients and simultaneous equations for assaying chlorophylls a and b extracted with four different solvents: verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectroscopy
TL;DR: In this paper, the extinction coefficients for chlorophylls a and b in diethylether (Smith, J.H. and Benitez, A.V., eds.), used in this paper as primary standards, were verified by magnesium determination using atomic absorbance spectrophotometry.
Journal Article
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Journal ArticleDOI
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