Journal ArticleDOI
Polynya dynamics: A review of observations and modeling
M. A. Morales Maqueda,M. A. Morales Maqueda,Andrew J. Willmott,Nicholas R. T. Biggs,Nicholas R. T. Biggs +4 more
TLDR
The physical interactions between polynyas and the atmosphere-sea ice-ocean system are investigated in this article, where the surface heat budget and water mass transformation within these features are addressed.Abstract:
[1] Polynyas are nonlinear-shaped openings within the ice cover, ranging in size from 10 to 105 km2. Polynyas play an important climatic role. First, winter polynyas tend to warm the atmosphere, thus affecting atmospheric mesoscale motions. Second, ocean surface cooling and brine rejection during sea ice growth in polynyas lead to vertical mixing and convection, contributing to the transformation of intermediate and deep waters in the global ocean and the maintenance of the oceanic overturning circulation. Since 1990, there has been an upsurge in polynya observations and theoretical models for polynya formation and their impact on the biogeochemistry of the polar seas. This article reviews polynya research carried out in the last 2 decades, focusing on presenting a state-of-the-art picture of the physical interactions between polynyas and the atmosphere-sea ice-ocean system. Observational and modeling studies, the surface heat budget, and water mass transformation within these features are addressed.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
On the driving processes of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
Till Kuhlbrodt,Alexa Griesel,Marisa Montoya,Anders Levermann,Matthias Hofmann,Stefan Rahmstorf +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review both observational data and model results concerning the two main candidates: vertical mixing processes in the ocean's interior and wind-induced Ekman upwelling in the Southern Ocean.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antarctic climate change and the environment
Peter Convey,Robert Bindschadler,G. di Prisco,Eberhard Fahrbach,Julian Gutt,Dominic A. Hodgson,Paul Andrew Mayewski,Colin Summerhayes,John Turner +8 more
TL;DR: The Southern Hemisphere climate system varies on timescales from orbital, through millennial to sub-annual, and is closely coupled to other parts of the global climate system as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
A global perspective on CMIP5 climate model biases
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated regional sea surface temperature biases across 22 climate models and found that they are linked to the large circulation system in the Atlantic Ocean, and that improvements to climate models will need to consider the impact of remote biases on regional processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Halogen activation via interactions with environmental ice and snow in the polar lower troposphere and other regions
Jon Abbatt,Jennie L. Thomas,Jennie L. Thomas,Katarina Abrahamsson,C. Boxe,Anna Granfors,Anna E. Jones,Martin D. King,Alfonso Saiz-Lopez,Paul B. Shepson,John R. Sodeau,Darin W. Toohey,Céline Toubin,R. von Glasow,Sumi N. Wren,Xin Yang +15 more
TL;DR: The role of ice in the formation of chemically active halogens in the environment requires a full understanding because of its role in atmospheric chemistry, including controlling the regional atmospheric oxidizing capacity in specific situations as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Southern Ocean Ecosystem Under Multiple Climate Change Stresses - An Integrated Circumpolar Assessment
Julian Gutt,Nancy A. N. Bertler,Thomas J. Bracegirdle,Alexander Buschmann,Josefino C. Comiso,Graham Hosie,Enrique Isla,Irene R. Schloss,Craig R. Smith,Jean Tournadre,José C. Xavier,José C. Xavier +11 more
TL;DR: Assessment of observed and projected environmental changes in the Southern Ocean shows that aragonite undersaturation (acidification) might become one of the biggest problems for the Antarctic marine ecosystem by affecting almost the entire SO.
References
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Book
The Regional Impacts of Climate Change: An Assessment of Vulnerability
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a special report of the Second Assessment Report (SAR) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which has been published since mid-1995.
Journal ArticleDOI
Open-ocean convection: Observations, theory, and models
John Marshall,Friedrich Schott +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review what is known about the convective process in the open ocean, in which the properties of large volumes of water are changed by intermittent, deep-reaching convection, triggered by winter storms.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Antarctic circumpolar wave in surface pressure, wind, temperature and sea-ice extent
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TL;DR: The Southern Ocean is the only oceanic domain encircling the globe and contains the strong eastward flow of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, and is the unifying link for exchanges of water masses at all depths between the world's major ocean basins as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the halocline of the Arctic Ocean
TL;DR: The cold upper halcoline of the Arctic Ocean is maintained by large-scale lateral advection from the adjoining continental shelves, where dense and saline shelf water is produced during freezing; the salinization of the water column is especially pronounced in certain areas of persistent ice divergence as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phytoplankton Community Structure and the Drawdown of Nutrients and CO2 in the Southern Ocean
Kevin R. Arrigo,Dale H. Robinson,Denise L. Worthen,Robert B. Dunbar,Giacomo R. DiTullio,Michael VanWoert,Michael P. Lizotte +6 more
TL;DR: Data from recent oceanographic cruises show that phytoplankton community structure in the Ross Sea is related to mixed layer depth, and the capacity of the biological community to draw down atmospheric CO2 and transport it to the deep ocean could diminish dramatically if predicted increases in upper ocean stratification due to climate warming should occur.
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