Journal ArticleDOI
Resistance of IAPs to methylation reprogramming may provide a mechanism for epigenetic inheritance in the mouse
TLDR
Genome‐wide epigenetic reprogramming by demethylation occurs in early mouse embryos and primordial germ cells, which can result in the transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic states of IAPs, which could lead to heritable epimutations of neighbouring genes through influencing their transcriptional states.Abstract:
Genome-wide epigenetic reprogramming by demethylation occurs in early mouse embryos and primordial germ cells. In early embryos many single-copy sequences become demethylated both by active and passive demethylation, whereas imprinted gene methylation remains unaffected. In primordial germ cells single-copy and imprinted sequences are demethylated, presumably by active demethylation. Here we investigated systematically by bisulphite sequencing the methylation profiles of IAP and Line1 repeated sequence families during preimplantation and primordial germ cell development. Whereas Line1 elements were substantially demethylated during both developmental periods, IAP elements were largely resistant to demethylation, particularly during preimplantation development. This may be desirable in order to prevent IAP retrotransposition, which could cause mutations. In turn, this can result in the transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic states of IAPs, which could lead to heritable epimutations of neighbouring genes through influencing their transcriptional states.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
DNA methylation: roles in mammalian development
TL;DR: Key concepts in the function of DNA methylation in mammals are discussed, stemming from more than two decades of research, including many recent studies that have elucidated when and whereDNA methylation has a regulatory role in the genome.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental epigenomics and disease susceptibility.
TL;DR: An increasing body of evidence from animal studies supports the role of environmental epigenetics in disease susceptibility and recent studies have demonstrated for the first time that heritable environmentally induced epigenetic modifications underlie reversible transgenerational alterations in phenotype.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stability and flexibility of epigenetic gene regulation in mammalian development
TL;DR: During development, cells start in a pluripotent state, from which they can differentiate into many cell types, and progressively develop a narrower potential, and their gene-expression programmes become more defined, restricted and, potentially, 'locked in'.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epigenetics and the environment: emerging patterns and implications.
TL;DR: Although the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown, particularly in humans, mechanistic insights are emerging from experimental model systems, which have implications for structuring future research and understanding disease and development.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epigenetic reprogramming in mammals
TL;DR: Comparative work demonstrates reprogramming in all mammalian species analysed, but the extent and timing varies, consistent with notable differences between species during preimplantation development.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory
TL;DR: The heritability of methylation states and the secondary nature of the decision to invite or exclude methylation support the idea that DNA methylation is adapted for a specific cellular memory function in development.
Journal ArticleDOI
DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are essential for de novo methylation and mammalian development.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that two recently identified DNA methyltransferases, DnMT3a and Dnmt3b, are essential for de novo methylation and for mouse development and play important roles in normal development and disease.
Book
Manipulating the mouse embryo: A laboratory manual
TL;DR: Here are recorded the tech- niques for preparing, inserting and analysing DNA sequences, for retroviral infection of mice, for production and use of EC and EK cells as vehicles for engineered sequences and for nuclear transplantation - all against a background of the basic procedures required for pro- ducing and handling the em- bryos.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epigenetic Reprogramming in Mammalian Development
Wolf Reik,Wendy Dean,Jörn Walter +2 more
TL;DR: What is known about reprogramming in mammals and how it might relate to developmental potency and imprinting are discussed, including whether or not methylation is involved in the control of gene expression during normal development.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genomic imprinting: parental influence on the genome
TL;DR: The study of imprinting provides new insights into epigenetic gene modification during development, and is thought to influence the transfer of nutrients to the fetus and the newborn from the mother.