Journal ArticleDOI
Epigenetics and the environment: emerging patterns and implications.
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TLDR
Although the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown, particularly in humans, mechanistic insights are emerging from experimental model systems, which have implications for structuring future research and understanding disease and development.Abstract:
Epigenetic phenomena in animals and plants are mediated by DNA methylation and stable chromatin modifications. There has been considerable interest in whether environmental factors modulate the establishment and maintenance of epigenetic modifications, and could thereby influence gene expression and phenotype. Chemical pollutants, dietary components, temperature changes and other external stresses can indeed have long-lasting effects on development, metabolism and health, sometimes even in subsequent generations. Although the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown, particularly in humans, mechanistic insights are emerging from experimental model systems. These have implications for structuring future research and understanding disease and development.read more
Citations
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Animals in a bacterial world, a new imperative for the life sciences
Margaret J. McFall-Ngai,Michael G. Hadfield,Thomas C. G. Bosch,Hannah V. Carey,Tomislav Domazet-Lošo,Angela E. Douglas,Nicole Dubilier,Gérard Eberl,Tadashi Fukami,Scott F. Gilbert,Ute Hentschel,Nicole King,Staffan Kjelleberg,Andrew H. Knoll,Natacha Kremer,Sarkis K. Mazmanian,Jessica L. Metcalf,Kenneth H. Nealson,Naomi E. Pierce,John F. Rawls,Ann H. Reid,Edward G. Ruby,Mary E. Rumpho,Jon G. Sanders,Diethard Tautz,Jennifer J. Wernegreen +25 more
TL;DR: Recent technological and intellectual advances that have changed thinking about five questions about how have bacteria facilitated the origin and evolution of animals; how do animals and bacteria affect each other’s genomes; how does normal animal development depend on bacterial partners; and how is homeostasis maintained between animals and their symbionts are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
EDC-2: The Endocrine Society's Second Scientific Statement on Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
Andrea C. Gore,Vesna A. Chappell,Suzanne E. Fenton,Jodi A. Flaws,Angel Nadal,Gail S. Prins,Jorma Toppari,R. T. Zoeller +7 more
TL;DR: A much more complete understanding of the endocrine principles by which EDCs act, including nonmonotonic dose-responses, low-dose effects, and developmental vulnerability, can be much better translated to human health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Emerging applications of metabolomics in drug discovery and precision medicine
TL;DR: This Review discusses some of the latest technological advances in metabolomics, focusing on the application of metabolomics towards uncovering the underlying causes of complex diseases, the growing role of metabolites in drug discovery and its potential effect on precision medicine.
Journal ArticleDOI
DNA methylation and body-mass index: a genome-wide analysis
Katherine J. Dick,Katherine J. Dick,Christopher P. Nelson,Christopher P. Nelson,Loukia Tsaprouni,Johanna K. Sandling,Johanna K. Sandling,Dylan Aïssi,Dylan Aïssi,Dylan Aïssi,Simone Wahl,Eshwar Meduri,Pierre-Emmanuel Morange,Harald Grallert,Melanie Waldenberger,Annette Peters,Jeanette Erdmann,Christian Hengstenberg,François Cambien,François Cambien,François Cambien,Alison H. Goodall,Alison H. Goodall,Willem H. Ouwehand,Willem H. Ouwehand,Willem H. Ouwehand,Heribert Schunkert,John R. Thompson,Tim D. Spector,Christian Gieger,David-Alexandre Trégouët,David-Alexandre Trégouët,David-Alexandre Trégouët,Panos Deloukas,Panos Deloukas,Panos Deloukas,Nilesh J. Samani,Nilesh J. Samani +37 more
TL;DR: Increased BMI in adults of European origin is associated with increased methylation at the HIF3A locus in blood cells and in adipose tissue, and perturbation of hypoxia inducible transcription factor pathways could have an important role in the response to increased weight in people.
Journal ArticleDOI
DNA methylation and healthy human aging
TL;DR: Healthy human aging throughout the lifetime is focused on and the dynamics of DNA methylation is discussed, as well as how interactions between the genome, environment, and the epigenome influence aging rates are discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are essential for de novo methylation and mammalian development.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that two recently identified DNA methyltransferases, DnMT3a and Dnmt3b, are essential for de novo methylation and for mouse development and play important roles in normal development and disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epigenetic differences arise during the lifetime of monozygotic twins
Mario F. Fraga,Esteban Ballestar,Maria F. Paz,Santiago Ropero,Fernando Setien,Maria Luisa Ballestar,Damia Heine-Suñer,Juan C. Cigudosa,Miguel Urioste,Javier Benitez,Manuel Boix-Chornet,Abel Sánchez-Aguilera,Charlotte Ling,Emma Carlsson,Pernille Poulsen,Allan Vaag,Zarko Stephan,Tim D. Spector,Yue Zhong Wu,Christoph Plass,Manel Esteller +20 more
TL;DR: Older monozygous twins exhibited remarkable differences in their overall content and genomic distribution of 5-methylcytosine DNA and histone acetylation, affecting their gene-expression portrait, indicating how an appreciation of epigenetics is missing from the understanding of how different phenotypes can be originated from the same genotype.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transcriptional silencing and longevity protein Sir2 is an NAD-dependent histone deacetylase
TL;DR: The analysis of two SIR2 mutations supports the idea that this deacetylase activity accounts for silencing, recombination suppression and extension of life span in vivo, and provides a molecular framework of NAD-dependent histone de acetylation that connects metabolism, genomic silencing and ageing in yeast and, perhaps, in higher eukaryotes.
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Establishing, maintaining and modifying DNA methylation patterns in plants and animals
Julie A. Law,Steven E. Jacobsen +1 more
TL;DR: Drawing on insights from both plants and animals should deepen the understanding of the regulation and biological significance of DNA methylation.
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Nutrient control of glucose homeostasis through a complex of PGC-1alpha and SIRT1.
Joseph T. Rodgers,Carlos Lerin,Wilhelm Haas,Steven P. Gygi,Bruce M. Spiegelman,Pere Puigserver +5 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the Sir2 homologue, SIRT1 controls the gluconeogenic/glycolytic pathways in liver in response to fasting signals through the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α, and this findings have strong implications for the basic pathways of energy homeostasis, diabetes and lifespan.