Responding to subliminal cues: Do if-then plans facilitate action preparation and initiation without conscious intent?
TLDR
In two experiments using an injustice paradigm or a categorization task, critical situations (specified in the if-component) were subliminally presented and it was tested whether these situations influenced the preparation and initiation of the planned goal-directed behavior as discussed by the authors.Abstract:
Forming implementation intentions (“If I encounter cue X, then I will perform behavior Y!”) is postulated to trigger action initiation without further conscious intent once the specified cue is encountered (Gollwitzer, 1999). In two experiments using an injustice paradigm or a categorization task, critical situations (specified in the if-component) were subliminally presented and it was tested whether these situations influenced the preparation (Study 1) and initiation (Study 2) of the planned goal-directed behavior (specified in the then-component). After the subliminal presentation of the critical situations, implementation intention participants showed stronger action preparation and a faster action initiation, as compared to control participants (Study 1) who had not formed any goal intention at all, and compared to participants (Studies 1 and 2) who had only formed goal intentions. These findings suggest that forming implementation intentions leads to automatic action initiation without further consc...read more
Citations
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Reducing Implicit Racial Preferences: II. Intervention Effectiveness Across Time
Calvin K. Lai,Allison L. Skinner,Erin Cooley,Sohad Murrar,Markus Brauer,Thierry Devos,Jimmy Calanchini,Yi Jenny Xiao,Christina Pedram,Christopher K Marhsburn,Stefanie Simon,John C. Blanchar,Jennifer A. Joy-Gaba,J. Conway,Liz Redford,Richard A. Klein,Gina Roussos,Fabian M. H. Schellhaas,Mason D. Burns,Xiaoqing Hu,Meghan C. McLean,Jordan Axt,Shaki Asgari,Kathleen Schmidt,Rachel S. Rubinstein,Maddalena Marini,Sandro Rubichi,Jiyun Elizabeth L. Shin,Brian A. Nosek +28 more
TL;DR: It is found that short-term malleability in implicit preferences does not necessarily lead to long-term change, raising new questions about the flexibility and stability of implicit preferences.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose to delegate the control of goal-directed responses to anticipated situational cues, which elicit these responses automatically when actually encountered, and demonstrate that implementation intentions further the attainment of goals.
Book ChapterDOI
Implementation intentions and goal achievement: A meta-analysis of effects and processes
TL;DR: In this article, a review analyzes whether realization of goal intentions is facilitated by forming an implementation intention that spells out the when, where, and how of goal striving in advance (i.e., if situation Y is encountered, then I will initiate goal-directed behavior X!).
Journal ArticleDOI
Handbook of motivation and cognition : foundations of social behavior
TL;DR: The "warm look" as mentioned in this paper is a synergistic approach to the roles of "hot" motivations and "cold" cognitions in the production of behavior, and it can be seen as an attempt to bridge the gap between thought and action.
Journal ArticleDOI
The automated will: Nonconscious activation and pursuit of behavioral goals.
John A. Bargh,Peter M. Gollwitzer,Peter M. Gollwitzer,Annette Y. Lee-Chai,Kimberly Barndollar,Kimberly Barndollar,Roman Trötschel +6 more
TL;DR: Five experiments reported in which the goal either to perform well or to cooperate was activated, without the awareness of participants, through a priming manipulation demonstrated that action guided by nonconsciously activated goals effectively guide action, enabling adaptation to ongoing situational demands.