Journal ArticleDOI
Review of epidermal growth factor receptor biology.
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TLDR
A number of EGFR inhibitors have been developed that can arrest tumor growth and, in some cases, cause tumor regression when used in combination with cytotoxic treatments, chemotherapy, and radiation.Abstract:
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that constitutes one of four members of the erbB family of tyrosine kinase receptors. Binding of EGFR to its cognate ligands leads to autophosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinase and subsequent activation of signal transduction pathways that are involved in regulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Although present in normal cells, EGFR is overexpressed in a variety of tumor cell lines and has been associated with poor prognosis and decreased survival. EGFR activation also plays a role in resistance to chemotherapy and radiation treatment in tumor cells. Over the past two decades, much effort has been directed at developing anticancer agents that can interfere with EGFR activity. The most common pharmacologic approaches to inhibiting EGFR have been to develop monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors. Monoclonal antibodies block ligand binding to the extracellular domain, whereas the small-molecule inhibitors exert their effects at the intracellular portion of the receptor to prevent tyrosine kinase phosphorylation and subsequent activation of signal transduction pathways. A number of EGFR inhibitors have been developed that can arrest tumor growth and, in some cases, cause tumor regression. When used in combination with cytotoxic treatments, chemotherapy, and radiation, EGFR inhibitors have been able to potentiate their anticancer activity.read more
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Molecular mechanisms of drug resistance
TL;DR: The signalling pathways involved in regulating tumour cell response to chemotherapy more completely than ever before are characterized, which will facilitate the future development of rational combined chemotherapy regimens, in which the newer targeted therapies are used in combination with cytotoxic drugs to enhance chemotherapy activity.
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Fluorine in medicinal chemistry: A review of anti-cancer agents
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of fluorinated compounds which have found a role as anti-cancer agents is presented, highlighting the important drugs but also highlighting the latest developments on emerging compounds.
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Fluorescent chemical probes for accurate tumor diagnosis and targeting therapy
TL;DR: The progress in chemical probes described here suggests that fluorescence imaging is a vital and rapidly developing field for interventional surgical imaging, as well as tumor diagnosis and therapy.
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The biology of platelet-rich plasma and its application in trauma and orthopaedic surgery: a review of the literature.
TL;DR: The aim of this literature review was to describe the bioactivities ofPRP, elucidate the different techniques for PRP preparation, to review animal and human studies, and to evaluate the evidence regarding the use of PRP in trauma and orthopaedic surgery to clarify risks and to provide guidance for future research.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy.
TL;DR: Attempts to overcome resistance mainly involve the use of combination drug therapy using different classes of drugs with minimally overlapping toxicities to allow maximal dosages and with narrowest cycle intervals, necessary for bone marrow recovery.
References
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Human breast cancer: correlation of relapse and survival with amplification of the HER-2/neu oncogene
Dennis J. Slamon,Gary M. Clark,Steven G. Wong,Wendy J. Levin,Axel Ullrich,William L. McGuire +5 more
TL;DR: Amplification of the HER-2/neu gene was a significant predictor of both overall survival and time to relapse in patients with breast cancer, and had greater prognostic value than most currently used prognostic factors in lymph node-positive disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Untangling the ErbB signalling network
Yosef Yarden,Mark X. Sliwkowski +1 more
TL;DR: When epidermal growth factor and its relatives bind the ErbB family of receptors, they trigger a rich network of signalling pathways, culminating in responses ranging from cell division to death, motility to adhesion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multi-Institutional Randomized Phase II Trial of Gefitinib for Previously Treated Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Masahiro Fukuoka,Seiji Yano,Giuseppe Giaccone,Tomohide Tamura,Kazuhiko Nakagawa,Jean-Yves Douillard,Yutaka Nishiwaki,Johan Vansteenkiste,Shinzoh Kudoh,Danny Rischin,Richard Eek,Takeshi Horai,Kazumasa Noda,Ichiro Takata,Egbert F. Smit,Steven D. Averbuch,Angela Macleod,A. Feyereislova,Rui Ping Dong,José Baselga +19 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Epidermal growth factor-related peptides and their receptors in human malignancies
Journal ArticleDOI
Epidermal growth factor
TL;DR: The EGF-MolecularWeight Form of mEGF and the Synthesis of Extracellular Macromolecules, and the Biological Effects of EGF and Urogastrone are presented.
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