Satellite control of Jovian 2-6 MHz radio emission using Voyager data

TLDR: In this article, the authors used the unique occurrence probability data compilation technique that includes 10-hour averaging and satellite bias removal to compare sample populations for each enhanced region of occurrence against the background, and found significance values greater than the 95% confidence level (Z > 2σ) for Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto.

Abstract: [1] Jupiter's satellite Io no longer has the only known effect in controlling the low-frequency Jovian radio emissions. Menietti et al. (1998, 2001) used a long and contiguous set of data in the range of 2.0–5.6 MHz from the Galileo spacecraft and found correlations with the orbital phase of Ganymede and Callisto. Recently, Higgins et al. (2006) used all of the Galileo orbiter data and found that Europa's phase shows a minor but statistically significant effect on the lower range of decametric emissions. In this paper, results are found that confirm previous work for all four Galilean satellites by combining Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 flyby data in the frequency range of 2.1–5.8 MHz. The data were analyzed using the unique occurrence probability data compilation technique that includes 10-hour averaging and satellite bias removal. A statistical significance Z-test was computed to compare sample populations for each enhanced region of occurrence against the background. We find significance values greater than the 95% confidence level (Z > 2σ) for Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. Least squares fits to histograms of relative occurrence probability also show similar results. The cause of these correlations is believed to be Alfvenic interactions between the individual satellite and Jupiter.