Scanning Mutagenesis of α-Conotoxin Vc1.1 Reveals Residues Crucial for Activity at the α9α10 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
TLDR
An extensive series of mutational studies are presented, providing mechanistic insight into the key residues involved in eliciting the biological function of Vc1.1 at both the rat α9α10 and the human α9/rat α10 hybrid receptor.About:
This article is published in Journal of Biological Chemistry.The article was published on 2009-07-24 and is currently open access. It has received 80 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor & Nicotinic agonist.read more
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Marine natural products.
TL;DR: This review covers the literature published in 2014 for marine natural products, with 1116 citations referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms.
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Conus Venom Peptide Pharmacology
TL;DR: The discovery of new bioactives using proteomic/transcriptomic approaches combined with high-throughput platforms and better defining conopeptide structure-activity relationships using relevant membrane protein crystal structures are expected to grow the already significant impact conopePTides have had as both research probes and leads to new therapies.
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Discovery, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of conotoxins.
Kalyana B. Akondi,Markus Muttenthaler,Sébastien Dutertre,Quentin Kaas,David J. Craik,Richard J. Lewis,Paul F. Alewood +6 more
TL;DR: Peptide therapeutics are acclaimed as a promising addition to the pharmaceutical arena, and they continue to attract interest due to their high potency, bioavailability, and fewer concerns with toxicity, drug to drug cross-reactions, and tissue accumulation.
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Peptide therapeutics from venom: Current status and potential.
TL;DR: The prospects for venom-derived peptides look very optimistic, as proteomic and transcriptomic approaches continue to identify new sequences and the potential of venom- derived peptides to find applications as therapeutics, cosmetics and insecticides grows accordingly.
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Extensive and Continuous Duplication Facilitates Rapid Evolution and Diversification of Gene Families
TL;DR: The findings suggest that extensive and continuous gene duplication facilitates rapid evolution and drastic divergence in venom compositions among species, processes that may be associated with evolutionary responses to predator-prey interactions.
References
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Conus venoms: a rich source of novel ion channel-targeted peptides.
TL;DR: This review focuses on the targeting specificity of conotoxins and their differential binding to different states of an ion channel.
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α9: An acetylcholine receptor with novel pharmacological properties expressed in rat cochlear hair cells
TL;DR: The results suggest that the α9 receptor is involved in the cholinergic efferent innervation of cochlear hair cells and thus may modulate the encoding of auditory stimuli.
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Peptide neurotoxins from fish-hunting cone snails
Baldomero M. Olivera,William R. Gray,R Zeikus,J M McIntosh,J Varga,Jean Rivier,V de Santos,Lourdes J. Cruz +7 more
TL;DR: Five new omega-conotoxins that block presynaptic calcium channels are described, and the fact that they inhibit sequential steps in neuromuscular transmission suggests that their action is synergistic rather than additive.
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α10: A determinant of nicotinic cholinergic receptor function in mammalian vestibular and cochlear mechanosensory hair cells
Ana Belén Elgoyhen,Douglas E. Vetter,Eleonora Katz,Carla V. Rothlin,Stephen F. Heinemann,Jim Boulter +5 more
TL;DR: The cloning and characterization of rat α10 are reported, a previously unidentified member of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit gene family, and data suggest that efferent modulation of hair cell function occurs, at least in part, through heteromeric nAChRs assembled from both α9 and α10 subunits.
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Diversity of Conus neuropeptides
Baldomero M. Olivera,Jean Rivier,Craig Clark,Cecilia A. Ramilo,Gloria P. Corpuz,Fe C. Abogadie,E. Edward Mena,Scott Woodward,David R. Hillyard,Lourdes J. Cruz +9 more
TL;DR: It now seems that the Conus species will each use a distinctive assortment of peptides and that the pharmacological diversity in Conus venoms may be ultimately comparable to that of plant alkaloids or secondary metabolites of microorganisms.