Open AccessJournal Article
Soft matter with hard skin : From skin wrinkles to templating and material characterization
Jan Genzer,Jan Groenewold +1 more
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TLDR
This paper discusses how and why wrinkles/buckles form in various materials, and describes several examples from everyday life that demonstrate that wrinkling or buckling is indeed a commonplace phenomenon that spans a multitude of length scales.Abstract:
The English-language dictionary defines wrinkles as "small furrows, ridges, or creases on a normally smooth surface, caused by crumpling, folding, or shrinking". In this paper we review the scientific aspects of wrinkling and the related phenomenon of buckling. Specifically, we discuss how and why wrinkles/buckles form in various materials. We also describe several examples from everyday life, which demonstrate that wrinkling or buckling is indeed a commonplace phenomenon that spans a multitude of length scales. We will emphasize that wrinkling is not always a frustrating feature (e.g., wrinkles in human skin), as it can help to assemble new structures, understand important physical phenomena, and even assist in characterizing chief material properties.read more
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Fiber‐Based Wearable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Fabrication, Devices, and Applications
TL;DR: This article attempts to critically review the current state-of-arts with respect to materials, fabrication techniques, and structural design of devices as well as applications of the fiber-based wearable electronic products.
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Mechanics of morphological instabilities and surface wrinkling in soft materials: a review
TL;DR: Some representative theoretical and numerical approaches aimed at modelling the onset of instabilities as well as the postbuckling evolution involving multiple bifurcations and symmetry breakings are discussed along with the main characteristics and some possible applications of this rich phenomenon.
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Harnessing Surface Wrinkle Patterns in Soft Matter
TL;DR: In this paper, two distinct approaches for wrinkle formation, including mechanical stretching/releasing of oxide/PDMS bilayers and swelling of hydrogel films confined on a rigid substrate with a depth-wise modulus gradient, are discussed.
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Mechanical metamaterials associated with stiffness, rigidity and compressibility: a brief review
TL;DR: In this article, a clear classification of mechanical metamaterials have been established based on the fundamental material mechanics, which can be divided into strong-lightweight (E/ρ), pattern transformation with tunable stiffness, negative compressibility (−4G/3), and strong light-weight (S/ρ).
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Hydrogel-based actuators: possibilities and limitations
TL;DR: A brief overview of stimuli-responsive hydrogel actuators with respect to their sensitivity to different stimuli, different kinds of deformation, the possibilities of generating different types of movement, as well as their applications can be found in this paper.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Spontaneous formation of ordered structures in thin films of metals supported on an elastomeric polymer
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the appearance of complex, ordered structures induced by the buckling of thin metal films owing to thermal contraction of an underlying substrate, and account qualitatively for the size and form of the patterned features in terms of the nonuniform stresses developed in the film near steps on the polymer substrate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fiber‐Based Wearable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Fabrication, Devices, and Applications
TL;DR: This article attempts to critically review the current state-of-arts with respect to materials, fabrication techniques, and structural design of devices as well as applications of the fiber-based wearable electronic products.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of synthetic micro- and nano-structured surfaces on cell behavior
TL;DR: The fabrication of synthetic micro- and nano-structured surfaces and the effects of such textured surfaces on cell behavior are reviewed and the hypothesis that the topography of the basement membrane plays an important role in regulating cellular behavior is proposed.
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Silicone rubber substrata: a new wrinkle in the study of cell locomotion
TL;DR: When tissue cells are cultured on very thin sheets of cross-linked silicone fluid, the traction forces the cells exert are made visible as elastic distortion and wrinkling of this substratum.
Journal ArticleDOI
A buckling-based metrology for measuring the elastic moduli of polymeric thin films
Christopher M. Stafford,Christopher Harrison,Kathryn L. Beers,Alamgir Karim,Eric J. Amis,Mark R. VanLandingham,Mark R. VanLandingham,Ho-Cheol Kim,Willi Volksen,Robert D. Miller,Eva E. Simonyi +10 more
TL;DR: An elegant, efficient measurement method that yields the elastic moduli of nanoscale polymer films in a rapid and quantitative manner without the need for expensive equipment or material-specific modelling is introduced.