Stem cell therapy to protect and repair the developing brain: a review of mechanisms of action of cord blood and amnion epithelial derived cells
Margie Castillo-Melendez,Tamara Yawno,Graham Jenkin,Graham Jenkin,Suzanne L. Miller,Suzanne L. Miller +5 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
The novel characteristics of hAECs and undifferentiated UCB cells, as well as UCB-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and how immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory properties are principal mechanisms of action that are common to these cells, and which in turn may ameliorate the cerebral hypoxia and inflammation that are final pathways in the pathogenesis of perinatal brain injury.Abstract:
In the research, clinical, and wider community there is great interest in the use of stem cells to reduce the progression, or indeed repair brain injury. Perinatal brain injury may result from acute or chronic insults sustained during fetal development, during the process of birth, or in the newborn period. The most readily identifiable outcome of perinatal brain injury is cerebral palsy, however, this is just one consequence in a spectrum of mild to severe neurological deficits. As we review, there are now clinical trials taking place worldwide targeting cerebral palsy with stem cell therapies. It will likely be many years before strong evidence-based results emerge from these trials. With such trials underway, it is both appropriate and timely to address the physiological basis for the efficacy of stem-like cells in preventing damage to, or regenerating, the newborn brain. Appropriate experimental animal models are best placed to deliver this information. Cell availability, the potential for immunological rejection, ethical, and logistical considerations, together with the propensity for native cells to form teratomas, make it unlikely that embryonic or fetal stem cells will be practical. Fortunately, these issues do not pertain to the use of human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs), or umbilical cord blood (UCB) stem cells that are readily and economically obtained from the placenta and umbilical cord discarded at birth. These cells have the potential for transplantation to the newborn where brain injury is diagnosed or even suspected. We will explore the novel characteristics of hAECs and undifferentiated UCB cells, as well as UCB-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and how immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory properties are principal mechanisms of action that are common to these cells, and which in turn may ameliorate the cerebral hypoxia and inflammation that are final pathways in the pathogenesis of perinatal brain injury.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: an update on disease pathogenesis and treatment.
TL;DR: This review discusses pathophysiology of the neonatal HIE and its treatment options, including hypothermia, melatonin, allopurinol, topiramate, erythropoietin, N-acetylcyctein, magnesium sulphate and xenon.
Journal ArticleDOI
Potential of Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Ischemic Stroke.
Hany E. Marei,Anwarul Hasan,Roberto Rizzi,Asma Althani,Nahla Afifi,Carlo Cenciarelli,Thomas Caceci,Ashfaq Shuaib +7 more
TL;DR: Due to limited/short time window implemented in most of the recorded clinical trials about the use of stem cells as potential therapeutic intervention for stroke, further clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of the intervention in a longer time window after cellular engraftments are still needed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The fetal inflammatory response syndrome: the origins of a concept, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and obstetrical implications
Eun Jung Jung,Roberto Romero,Lami Yeo,Ramiro Diaz-Primera,Julio Marin-Concha,Robert Para,Ashley M. Lopez,Percy Pacora,Nardhy Gomez-Lopez,Bo Hyun Yoon,Chong Jai Kim,Stanley M. Berry,Chaur-Dong Hsu +12 more
TL;DR: The evidence so far suggests that FIRS may compound the effects of immaturity and neonatal inflammation, thus increasing the risk of neonatal complications and long-term morbidity, and modulation of a dysregulated fetal inflammatory response by the administration of antimicrobial agents, anti-inflammatory agents, or cell-based therapy holds promise to reduce infant morbidity and mortality.
Journal ArticleDOI
Accelerating stem cell trials for Alzheimer's disease.
Joshua G. Hunsberger,Mahendra Rao,Joanne Kurtzberg,Jeff W.M. Bulte,Anthony Atala,Frank M. LaFerla,Henry T. Greely,Akira Sawa,Sam Gandy,Sam Gandy,Lon S. Schneider,P. Murali Doraiswamy +11 more
TL;DR: It is called for the acceleration of human stem cell-based translational research into the causes and potential treatments of Alzheimer's disease.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Multilineage Potential of Adult Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Mark F. Pittenger,Alastair Morgan Mackay,Stephen C. Beck,Rama K. Jaiswal,Robin Douglas,Joseph D. Mosca,Mark Aaron Moorman,Donald William Jr. Ward Road Simonetti,Stewart Craig,Daniel R. Marshak +9 more
TL;DR: Adult stem cells isolated from marrow aspirates of volunteer donors could be induced to differentiate exclusively into the adipocytic, chondrocytic, or osteocytic lineages.
Journal ArticleDOI
Isolation of putative progenitor endothelial cells for angiogenesis.
Takayuki Asahara,Toyoaki Murohara,Alison Sullivan,Marcy Silver,Rien van der Zee,Tong Li,Bernhard Witzenbichler,Gina C. Schatteman,Jeffrey M. Isner +8 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that EC progenitors may be useful for augmenting collateral vessel growth to ischemic tissues (therapeutic angiogenesis) and for delivering anti- or pro-angiogenic agents, respectively, to sites of pathologic or utilitarianAngiogenesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mesenchymal stem cells as trophic mediators.
Arnold I. Caplan,James E. Dennis +1 more
TL;DR: Several studies which tested the use of MSCs in models of infarct (injured heart), stroke (brain), or meniscus regeneration models are reviewed within the context of M SC‐mediated trophic effects in tissue repair.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adult rat and human bone marrow stromal cells differentiate into neurons
TL;DR: Adult marrow stromal cells can be induced to overcome their mesenchymal commitment and may constitute an abundant and accessible cellular reservoir for the treatment of a variety of neurologic diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Expression of VEGFR-2 and AC133 by circulating human CD34+ cells identifies a population of functional endothelial precursors
Mario Peichev,Afzal J. Naiyer,Daniel S. Pereira,Zhenping Zhu,William J. Lane,Mathew R. Williams,Mehmet C. Oz,Daniel J. Hicklin,Larry Witte,Malcolm A.S. Moore,Shahin Rafii +10 more
TL;DR: In an in vivo human model, it is found that the neo-intima formed on the surface of left ventricular assist devices is colonized with AC133(+)VEGFR-2(+) cells, suggesting a phenotypically and functionally distinct population of circulating endothelial cells that may play a role in neo-angiogenesis.