Journal ArticleDOI
Structure and growth of the mixing layer over the Amazonian rain forest
Charles L. Martin,David R. Fitzjarrald,Michael Garstang,Amauri Pereira de Oliveira,Steve Greco,Edward V. Browell +5 more
TLDR
The structure and growth of the atmospheric mixed layer over the Amazonian rain forest were examined using measurements obtained during the NASA Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment as mentioned in this paper, and it was found that the mixing layer grows rapidly, at 5-8 cm/sec, soon after sunrise to a mean maximum height of 1200 m by 1300 LT.Abstract:
The structure and growth of the atmospheric mixed layer over the Amazonian rain forest were examined using measurements obtained during the NASA Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment. Measurements of temperature, moisture, and horizontal wind were carried out in and above the mixed layer by means of a tethered balloon, rawinsonde, and aircraft; fluxes of sensible and latent heat were measured at the top of the canopy. It was found that the mixing layer grows rapidly, at 5-8 cm/sec, soon after sunrise to a mean maximum height of 1200 m by 1300 LT; during undisturbed conditions, mixed layer heights of 1000 are common between 1000 and 1600 LT. No horizontal inhomogeneities in the mixed layer structure or depth were found over large distances. A simple mixed layer model was applied to show how fluxes of species might be estimated using only quantities measured at the surface and prescribing an initial condition and boundary condition for the mixed layer.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Review and intercomparison of operational methods for the determination of the mixing height
Petra Seibert,Frank Beyrich,Sven-Erik Gryning,Sylvain M. Joffre,Alix Rasmussen,Philippe Tercier +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of the literature on the analysis of profile measurements and the use of parameterisations and simple models, and suggest for the preprocessor development and for future research activities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biomass‐burning emissions and associated haze layers over Amazonia
Meinrat O. Andreae,Edward V. Browell,Michael Garstang,G. L. Gregory,R. C. Harriss,G. F. Hill,Daniel J. Jacob,M. C. Pereira,G. W. Sachse,Alberto Setzer,P. L. Silva Dias,Robert W. Talbot,A. L. Torres,Steven C. Wofsy +13 more
TL;DR: The characteristics of haze layers, which were visually observed over the central Amazon Basin during many of the Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment 2A flights in July/August 1985, were investigated by remote and in situ measurements, using a broad range of instrumentation and sampling equipment on board the Electra aircraft as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Photochemistry of biogenic emissions over the Amazon forest
Daniel J. Jacob,Steven C. Wofsy +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the boundary layer chemistry over the Amazon forest during the dry season is simulated with a photochemical model and the 24-hour averaged isoprene emission flux is calculated to be 38 mg/sq m per day.
Journal ArticleDOI
Formic and acetic acid over the central Amazon region, Brazil: 1. Dry season
TL;DR: The results of the Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment in 1985 were analyzed by ion exchange chromatography as mentioned in this paper, showing that the diurnal behavior of both acids at ground level and their vertical distribution in the forest canopy point to the existence of vegetative sources as well as to production by chemical reactions in the atmosphere.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Objective Method for Deriving Atmospheric Structure from Airborne Lidar Observations
Kenneth J. Davis,N. Gamage,C. R. Hagelberg,Christoph Kiemle,Donald H. Lenschow,Peter P. Sullivan +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, a wavelet analysis is applied to airborne infrared lidar data to obtain an objective determination of boundaries in aerosol backscatter that are associated with boundary layer structure.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Turbulent Structure of the Stable, Nocturnal Boundary Layer
TL;DR: In this paper, a large number of turbulence observations were made under stable conditions along a meteorological mast at Cabauw, The Netherlands, and they were used to present and organize these data and turn to the parameterized equations for the turbulent variances and covariances.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Model for the Dynamics of the Inversion Above a Convective Boundary Layer
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered the differential equations governing the strength Δ (a potential temperature difference) and the height h of inversions associated with dry penetrative convection and obtained an algebraic equation that relates h and Δ to the heating history of the boundary layer and to the initial conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Non-precipitating cumulus convection and its parameterization
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discussed the thermodynamic transport of heat, liquid water and (briefly) water vapour by non-precipitating cumulus convection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Eddy correlation measurements of energy partition for Amazonian forest
W. James Shuttleworth,John H. C. Gash,Colin R. Lloyd,Christopher J. Moore,John Roberts,Ari de Oliveira Marques Filho,Gilberto Fisch,Vicente De Paula Silva Filho,Maria de Nazaré Góes Ribeiro,L. C. B. Molion,Leonardo D. A. Sá,J. Carlos A. Nobre,Osvaldo M. R. Cabral,Sukaran Ram Patel,J. Carvalho De Moraes +14 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used eddy correlation equipment to estimate the aerodynamic and surface resistance of a transpiring canopy in the Amazonian rain forest, and provided an initial calibration of a simple, physically based model of daily evaporation for rain forests.
Journal ArticleDOI
Models and observations of the growth of the atmospheric boundary layer
TL;DR: In this article, the evolution of the mixed layer during a clear day can be described with a slab model and the model equations have to be closed by a parameterization of the turbulent kinetic energy budget.