Journal ArticleDOI
Surface oxidation activates indium tin oxide for hole injection
TLDR
In this article, a new type of oxygen species is formed by Oxidation of surface Sn-OH to surface SnO• units is proposed to account for observed changes in O-plasma treated ITO; this proposal can explain a wide variety of previously described ITO surface activation results.Abstract:
Oxygen plasma treatment of indium tin oxide (ITO) results in a change in work function and electron affinity by ∼0.5 eV. This change correlates with the measured increase in injected current in simple “hole-only” organic devices with O-plasma treated ITO electrodes. Neither addition nor removal of surface hydroxyl functionality accounts for the observed work function and electron affinity changes. X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies show a new type of oxygen species is formed. Oxidation of surface Sn-OH to surface Sn-O• units is proposed to account for the observed changes in O-plasma treated ITO; this proposal can explain a wide variety of previously described ITO surface activation results.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The electroluminescence of organic materials
Ullrich Mitschke,Peter Bäuerle +1 more
TL;DR: A review about electroluminescence from organic materials and deals in detail with organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), lightemitting electrochemical cells (LECs) and electrogenerated chemilumi-nescence (ECL) reflecting different electrooptical appli-cations of conjugated materials as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent progress of molecular organic electroluminescent materials and devices
L.S Hung,Chin H. Chen +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a review is presented on recent progress in organic electroluminescent materials and devices, with emphasis on their material issues pertaining to charge transport, color, and luminance efficiencies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Polymers for flexible displays: From material selection to device applications
TL;DR: In this paper, the kinds of polymers that are used, where and how polymer materials are used and the challenges to overcome in developing flexible displays are discussed and discussed in detail.
Journal ArticleDOI
Energy level modification in lead sulfide quantum dot thin films through ligand exchange.
Patrick O. Brown,Donghun Kim,Richard R. Lunt,Ni Zhao,Moungi G. Bawendi,Jeffrey C. Grossman,Vladimir Bulovic +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the energy levels of lead sulfide QDs, measured by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, shift by up to 0.9 eV between different chemical ligand treatments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Organic Electronic Devices and Their Functional Interfaces
TL;DR: A comprehensive understanding of phenomena at interfaces with organic materials will improve the rational design of highly functional organic electronic devices.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Organic Electroluminescent Diodes
Ching Wan Tang,Steven A Vanslyke +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a double-layer structure of organic thin films was prepared by vapor deposition, and efficient injection of holes and electrons was provided from an indium-tinoxide anode and an alloyed Mg:Ag cathode.
Book
Principles of Plasma Discharges and Materials Processing
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of particle and energy balance in discharges and introduce the theory of collision dynamics and wave-heated discharges, as well as chemical reactions and equilibrium.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carrier tunneling and device characteristics in polymer light‐emitting diodes
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the characteristics of light-emitting diodes based upon MEH-PPV are determined by tunneling both the holes and the electrons through interface barriers caused by the band offset between the polymer and the electrodes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Surface modification of indium tin oxide by plasma treatment: An effective method to improve the efficiency, brightness, and reliability of organic light emitting devices
TL;DR: In this paper, an indium tin oxide anode contact to an organic light emitting device via oxygen plasma treatment was shown to improve the performance of single-layer doped-polymer devices.
Journal ArticleDOI
Indium-tin oxide treatments for single- and double-layer polymeric light-emitting diodes: The relation between the anode physical, chemical, and morphological properties and the device performance
Ji-Seon Kim,Magnus Granström,Richard H. Friend,Nicklas Johansson,William R. Salaneck,Rusli Daik,W. J. Feast,Franco Cacialli +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of chemical and physical treatments on the properties of indium-tin oxide (ITO) thin films were combined studies of the effect of these treatments on anodes of polymeric light-emitting diodes.