Journal ArticleDOI
TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers
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TLDR
The new cellulose-based nanofibers formed by size reduction process of native cellulose fibers by TEMPO-mediated oxidation have potential application as environmentally friendly and new bio- based nanomaterials in high-tech fields.Abstract:
Native wood celluloses can be converted to individual nanofibers 3–4 nm wide that are at least several microns in length, i.e. with aspect ratios >100, by TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical)-mediated oxidation and successive mild disintegration in water. Preparation methods and fundamental characteristics of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN) are reviewed in this paper. Significant amounts of C6 carboxylate groups are selectively formed on each cellulose microfibril surface by TEMPO-mediated oxidation without any changes to the original crystallinity (∼74%) or crystal width of wood celluloses. Electrostatic repulsion and/or osmotic effects working between anionically-charged cellulose microfibrils, the ζ-potentials of which are approximately −75 mV in water, cause the formation of completely individualized TOCN dispersed in water by gentle mechanical disintegration treatment of TEMPO-oxidized wood cellulose fibers. Self-standing TOCN films are transparent and flexible, with high tensile strengths of 200–300 MPa and elastic moduli of 6–7 GPa. Moreover, TOCN-coated poly(lactic acid) films have extremely low oxygen permeability. The new cellulose-based nanofibers formed by size reduction process of native cellulose fibers by TEMPO-mediated oxidation have potential application as environmentally friendly and new bio-based nanomaterials in high-tech fields.read more
Citations
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Microfibrillated cellulose - its barrier properties and applications in cellulosic materials: a review.
TL;DR: It is proposed to focus on the barrier properties of MFC used in films, in nanocomposites, or in paper coating to reduce the high energy consumption and produce new types of M FC materials on an industrial scale.
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Nanocellulose: a new ageless bionanomaterial
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Key advances in the chemical modification of nanocelluloses
TL;DR: This review collocates current knowledge in the research and development of nanocelluloses and emphasizes more particularly on the chemical modification routes developed so far for their functionalization.
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Production of cellulose nanofibrils: A review of recent advances
TL;DR: A review of cellulose nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) is presented in this article, covering raw materials selection, structural and chemical aspects, conventional and novel mechanical disintegration techniques, as well as biological and chemical pretreatments aimed at facilitating Nanofibril isolation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Wood-Derived Materials for Green Electronics, Biological Devices, and Energy Applications.
Hongli Zhu,Wei Luo,Peter N. Ciesielski,Zhiqiang Fang,Junyong Zhu,Gunnar Henriksson,Michael E. Himmel,Liangbing Hu +7 more
TL;DR: The goal of this study is to review the fundamental structures and chemistries of wood and wood-derived materials, which are essential for a wide range of existing and new enabling technologies.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: The shape and size distribution of crystalline nanoparticles resulting from the sulfuric acid hydrolysis of cellulose from cotton, Avicel, and tunicate were investigated using transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy as well as small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering.
Journal ArticleDOI
TEMPO-mediated oxidation of native cellulose. The effect of oxidation conditions on chemical and crystal structures of the water-insoluble fractions.
Tsuguyuki Saito,Akira Isogai +1 more
TL;DR: Water retention values of cotton linter can be increased from 60% to about 280% through the introduction of hydrophilic carboxylate groups and morphological changes from fibrous forms to short fragments by the TEMPO-mediated oxidation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of microcrystallite preparation conditions on the formation of colloid crystals of cellulose
TL;DR: In this paper, the particle size of cellulose microcrystallites was characterized with transmission electron microscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy, and the surface charge was determined by conductometric titration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Elastic modulus and stress-transfer properties of tunicate cellulose whiskers.
TL;DR: Measurements of the elastic modulus of tunicate cellulose using a Raman spectroscopic technique show that the tunicate sample is a two-dimensional in-plane random network of fibers, and the modulus is very high, at about 143 GPa.