Journal ArticleDOI
TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers
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TLDR
The new cellulose-based nanofibers formed by size reduction process of native cellulose fibers by TEMPO-mediated oxidation have potential application as environmentally friendly and new bio- based nanomaterials in high-tech fields.Abstract:
Native wood celluloses can be converted to individual nanofibers 3–4 nm wide that are at least several microns in length, i.e. with aspect ratios >100, by TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical)-mediated oxidation and successive mild disintegration in water. Preparation methods and fundamental characteristics of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN) are reviewed in this paper. Significant amounts of C6 carboxylate groups are selectively formed on each cellulose microfibril surface by TEMPO-mediated oxidation without any changes to the original crystallinity (∼74%) or crystal width of wood celluloses. Electrostatic repulsion and/or osmotic effects working between anionically-charged cellulose microfibrils, the ζ-potentials of which are approximately −75 mV in water, cause the formation of completely individualized TOCN dispersed in water by gentle mechanical disintegration treatment of TEMPO-oxidized wood cellulose fibers. Self-standing TOCN films are transparent and flexible, with high tensile strengths of 200–300 MPa and elastic moduli of 6–7 GPa. Moreover, TOCN-coated poly(lactic acid) films have extremely low oxygen permeability. The new cellulose-based nanofibers formed by size reduction process of native cellulose fibers by TEMPO-mediated oxidation have potential application as environmentally friendly and new bio-based nanomaterials in high-tech fields.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Chemically and mechanically isolated nanocellulose and their self-assembled structures.
Feng Jiang,You-Lo Hsieh +1 more
TL;DR: Self-assembling behaviors of nanocellulose nanocrystals and nanofibrils isolated from pure rice straw cellulose self-assembled into submicron fibers of highly crystalline cellulose Iβ structure upon rapid freezing (-196 °C) and freeze-drying were analyzed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Advanced Materials through Assembly of Nanocelluloses.
Eero Kontturi,Päivi Laaksonen,Markus Linder,Nonappa,André H. Gröschel,Orlando J. Rojas,Olli Ikkala +6 more
TL;DR: There is an emerging quest for lightweight materials with excellent mechanical properties and economic production, while still being sustainable and functionalizable, which could form the basis of the future bio economy for energy and material efficiency.
Journal ArticleDOI
Strong and tough cellulose nanopaper with high specific surface area and porosity.
TL;DR: High-porosity TEMPO-oxidized NFC nanopaper prepared by critical point drying has a specific surface area as high as 482 m(2) g(-1), which is better than for many thermoplastics, but at a significantly lower density.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerogels with 3D ordered nanofiber skeletons of liquid-crystalline nanocellulose derivatives as tough and transparent insulators.
TL;DR: A structurally new type of aerogel with a three-dimensionally ordered nanofiber skeleton of liquid-crystalline nanocellulose (LC-NCell) is reported, composed of mechanically strong, surface-carboxylated cellulose nanofibers dispersed in a nematic LC order.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nanocellulose-based foams and aerogels: processing, properties, and applications
TL;DR: Nanocellulose is a renewable and biocompatible nanomaterial with a high strength low density and tunable surface chemistry as discussed by the authors, which can be used to produce long-term stable wet foams or avoid structural collapse of the material during solvent removal using supercritical drying.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
Cellulose nanofibers prepared by TEMPO-mediated oxidation of native cellulose
TL;DR: Never-Dried and once-dried hardwood celluloses were oxidized by a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated system, and highly crystalline and individualized cellulose nanofibers, dispersed in water, were prepared by mechanical treatment of the oxidized celluloses/water slurries.