Journal ArticleDOI
TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers
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TLDR
The new cellulose-based nanofibers formed by size reduction process of native cellulose fibers by TEMPO-mediated oxidation have potential application as environmentally friendly and new bio- based nanomaterials in high-tech fields.Abstract:
Native wood celluloses can be converted to individual nanofibers 3–4 nm wide that are at least several microns in length, i.e. with aspect ratios >100, by TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical)-mediated oxidation and successive mild disintegration in water. Preparation methods and fundamental characteristics of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN) are reviewed in this paper. Significant amounts of C6 carboxylate groups are selectively formed on each cellulose microfibril surface by TEMPO-mediated oxidation without any changes to the original crystallinity (∼74%) or crystal width of wood celluloses. Electrostatic repulsion and/or osmotic effects working between anionically-charged cellulose microfibrils, the ζ-potentials of which are approximately −75 mV in water, cause the formation of completely individualized TOCN dispersed in water by gentle mechanical disintegration treatment of TEMPO-oxidized wood cellulose fibers. Self-standing TOCN films are transparent and flexible, with high tensile strengths of 200–300 MPa and elastic moduli of 6–7 GPa. Moreover, TOCN-coated poly(lactic acid) films have extremely low oxygen permeability. The new cellulose-based nanofibers formed by size reduction process of native cellulose fibers by TEMPO-mediated oxidation have potential application as environmentally friendly and new bio-based nanomaterials in high-tech fields.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Nanocellulose: Recent Fundamental Advances and Emerging Biological and Biomimicking Applications.
Katja Heise,Eero Kontturi,Yagut Allahverdiyeva,Tekla Tammelin,Markus Linder,Nonappa,Olli Ikkala +6 more
TL;DR: Water interactions, which are central for processing for the functional properties, are discussed first, and composite fibers are discussed, as well as nanocellulose as a strategy for improvement of photosynthesis-based chemicals production.
Journal ArticleDOI
Highly Permeable Polymer Membranes Containing Directed Channels for Water Purification
TL;DR: In this paper, the concept of using nanocomposite barrier layers containing directed water channels to increase membrane permeability for water purification was described, where the channels formed at the interface between the interconnected nanofibrous scaffold and the polymer matrix were used to guide the transport of water molecules in a directed manner and to also exclude contaminant molecules.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative characterization of aqueous dispersions and cast films of different chitin nanowhiskers/nanofibers
TL;DR: Because SQChN has the highest aspect ratio, its 0.1% dispersion had the highest shear stress and viscosity at the same shear rate in the four chitin nano-samples, and showed gel-like behavior in the wholeShear rate range from 10(-3) to 10(3) s(-1).
Journal ArticleDOI
Cellulose Nanofibrils: From Strong Materials to Bioactive Surfaces
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the opportunities for cellulose nanofi brils (CNF) in the development of aerogels, composites, bioactive materials and inorganic/organic hybrid materials is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Energy requirements for the disintegration of cellulose fibers into cellulose nanofibers
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed how the charge content of cellulose nanofibers influences the mechanical energy needed to disintegrate a cellulose fiber and developed an efficient and energetically friendly production process that overcomes the extensive energy consumption of shear-based existing processes.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Cellulose nanofibers prepared by TEMPO-mediated oxidation of native cellulose
TL;DR: Never-Dried and once-dried hardwood celluloses were oxidized by a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated system, and highly crystalline and individualized cellulose nanofibers, dispersed in water, were prepared by mechanical treatment of the oxidized celluloses/water slurries.