Book ChapterDOI
The Biological Pump
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
The biological pump is the set of processes by which inorganic carbon (e.g., carbon dioxide) is fixed into organic matter via photosynthesis and then sequestered away from the atmosphere generally by transport into the deep ocean.Abstract:
The biological pump is the set of processes by which inorganic carbon (e.g., carbon dioxide) is fixed into organic matter via photosynthesis and then sequestered away from the atmosphere generally by transport into the deep ocean. This may be accomplished by the passive sinking of particulate organic matter, through the vertical migration of zooplankton, or the downwelling of surface waters rich in dissolved organic matter. In addition to concentrating carbon in the deep sea, the biological pump also significantly affects the distribution of a number of different chemical constituents of ocean water. There is keen interest in being able to predict both the overall capacity and the efficiency of the biological pump in different places and at different times (including in the future). The physical environment, the type of phytoplankton present, the activities of zooplankton, the presence of biominerals and clay minerals, and the structure of the food web all play important roles in determining both the capacity and efficiency of the biological pump on local and regional scales, complicating efforts to portray the biological pump in models.read more
Citations
More filters
Book ChapterDOI
A review of the adaptive significance and ecosystem consequences of zooplankton diel vertical migrations
TL;DR: Recent advances in biotelemetry promise to allow the interaction between migrating zooplankton and diving air-breathing vertebrates to be explored in far more detail than hitherto.
Journal Article
Contribution of Southern Ocean surface-water stratification to low atmospheric CO 2 concentrations during the last glacial period
TL;DR: The nitrogen-isotope record preserved in Southern Ocean sediments, along with several geochemical tracers for the settling fluxes of biogenic matter, reveals patterns of past nutrient supply to phytoplankton and surface-water stratification in this oceanic region as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Factors influencing the sinking of POC and the efficiency of the biological carbon pump
TL;DR: A more systematic understanding of these processes will allow the biological pump to be included in global models as more than an empirically-determined decline in POC concentrations with depth that may not adequately represent past or future conditions as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
The biological pump in a high CO 2 world
Uta Passow,Craig A. Carlson +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the response of the biological pump to the changing environment is a prerequisite to predicting future atmospheric carbon dioxide concen- trations, which can lead to net carbon sequestration within the ocean's interior.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enhanced chemical weathering as a geoengineering strategy to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide, supply nutrients, and mitigate ocean acidification
Jens Hartmann,A. Joshua West,Philip Renforth,Peter Köhler,Christina L. De La Rocha,Dieter Wolf-Gladrow,Hans H. Dürr,Jürgen Scheffran +7 more
TL;DR: Enhanced weathering is an integral part of both the rock and carbon cycles and is being affected by changes in land use, particularly as a result of agricultural practices such as tilling, mineral fertilization, or liming to adjust soil pH as mentioned in this paper.
References
More filters
Book
Chemistry of the elements
TL;DR: In this article, the origins of the elements, isotopes and atomic weights Chemical periodicity and the periodic table were discussed, including the following elements: Hydrogen Lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium and francium Beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and radium Boron Aluminium, gallium, indium and thallium Carbon Silicon Germanium, tin and lead Nitrogen Phosphorus Arsenic, antimony and bismuth Oxygen Sulfur Selenium, tellurium
Journal ArticleDOI
The Ecological Role of Water-Column Microbes in the Sea*
TL;DR: Evidence is presented to suggest that numbers of free bacteria are controlled by nanoplankton~c heterotrophic flagellates which are ubiquitous in the marine water column, thus providing the means for returning some energy from the 'microbial loop' to the conventional planktonic food chain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Primary Production of the Biosphere: Integrating Terrestrial and Oceanic Components
TL;DR: Integrating conceptually similar models of the growth of marine and terrestrial primary producers yielded an estimated global net primary production of 104.9 petagrams of carbon per year, with roughly equal contributions from land and oceans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms
James C. Orr,Victoria J. Fabry,Olivier Aumont,Laurent Bopp,Scott C. Doney,Richard A. Feely,Anand Gnanadesikan,Nicolas Gruber,Akio Ishida,Fortunat Joos,Robert M. Key,Keith Lindsay,Ernst Maier-Reimer,Richard J. Matear,Patrick Monfray,Anne Mouchet,Raymond G. Najjar,Gian-Kasper Plattner,Keith B. Rodgers,Christopher L. Sabine,Jorge L. Sarmiento,Reiner Schlitzer,Richard D. Slater,I. Totterdell,Marie-France Weirig,Yasuhiro Yamanaka,Andrew Yool +26 more
TL;DR: 13 models of the ocean–carbon cycle are used to assess calcium carbonate saturation under the IS92a ‘business-as-usual’ scenario for future emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide and indicate that conditions detrimental to high-latitude ecosystems could develop within decades, not centuries as suggested previously.