Journal ArticleDOI
The ecological significance of long-distance water transport: short-term regulation, long-term acclimation and the hydraulic costs of stature across plant life forms
TLDR
In this article, the scaling between whole-plant hydraulic conductance and leaf area, the relationship between gas exchange at the leaf level and leaf-specific xylem hydraulic conductances, and the short-term physiological regulation of plant hydraulics under conditions of ample soil water, and long-term structural acclimation of xylems to changes in environmental conditions are reviewed.Abstract:
Plant hydraulic conductance, namely the rate of water flow inside plants per unit time and unit pressure difference, varies largely from plant to plant and under different environmental conditions. Herein the main factors affecting: (a) the scaling between whole-plant hydraulic conductance and leaf area; (b) the relationship between gas exchange at the leaf level and leaf-specific xylem hydraulic conductance; (c) the short-term physiological regulation of plant hydraulic conductance under conditions of ample soil water, and (d) the long-term structural acclimation of xylem hydraulic conductance to changes in environmental conditions are reviewed. It is shown that plant hydraulic conductance is a highly plastic character that varies as a result of multiple processes acting at several time scales. Across species ranging from coniferous and broad-leaved trees to shrubs, crop and herbaceous species, and desert subshrubs, hydraulic conductance scaled linearly with leaf area, as expected from first principles. Despite considerable convergence in the scaling of hydraulic properties, significant differences were apparent across life forms that underlie their different abilities to conduct gas exchange at the leaf level. A simple model of carbon allocation between leaves and support tissues explained the observed patterns and correctly predicted the inverse relationships with plant height. Therefore, stature appears as a fundamental factor affecting gas exchange across plant life forms. Both short-term physiological regulation and long-term structural acclimation can change the levels of hydraulic conductance significantly. Based on a meta-analysis of the existing literature, any change in environmental parameters that increases the availability of resources (either above- or below-ground) results in the long-term acclimation of a less efficient (per unit leaf area) hydraulic system.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought: why do some plants survive while others succumb to drought?
Nate G. McDowell,William T. Pockman,Craig D. Allen,David D. Breshears,Neil S. Cobb,Thomas Kolb,Jennifer A. Plaut,John S. Sperry,Adam G. West,Adam G. West,David G. Williams,Enrico A. Yepez +11 more
TL;DR: A hydraulically based theory considering carbon balance and insect resistance that allowed development and examination of hypotheses regarding survival and mortality was developed, and incorporating this hydraulic framework may be effective for modeling plant survival andortality under future climate conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
New handbook for standardised measurement of plant functional traits worldwide
Natalia Pérez-Harguindeguy,Sandra Díaz,Eric Garnier,Sandra Lavorel,Hendrik Poorter,Pedro Jaureguiberry,M.S. Bret-Harte,William K. Cornwell,Joseph M. Craine,Diego E. Gurvich,Carlos Urcelay,Erik J. Veneklaas,Peter B. Reich,Lourens Poorter,Ian J. Wright,P. Ray,Lucas Enrico,Juli G. Pausas,A. C. de Vos,Nina Buchmann,Guillermo Funes,Fabien Quétier,Fabien Quétier,John G. Hodgson,Ken Thompson,H. D. Morgan,H. ter Steege,M.G.A. Van Der Heijden,Lawren Sack,Benjamin Blonder,Peter Poschlod,Maria Victoria Vaieretti,Georgina Conti,A. C. Staver,S. Aquino,Johannes H. C. Cornelissen +35 more
TL;DR: This new handbook has a better balance between whole-plant traits, leaf traits, root and stem traits and regenerative traits, and puts particular emphasis on traits important for predicting species’ effects on key ecosystem properties.
Journal ArticleDOI
The global spectrum of plant form and function
Sandra Díaz,Jens Kattge,Johannes H. C. Cornelissen,Ian J. Wright,Sandra Lavorel,Stéphane Dray,Björn Reu,Björn Reu,Michael Kleyer,Christian Wirth,I. Colin Prentice,I. Colin Prentice,Eric Garnier,Gerhard Bönisch,Mark Westoby,Hendrik Poorter,Peter B. Reich,Peter B. Reich,Angela T. Moles,John B. Dickie,Andrew N. Gillison,Amy E. Zanne,Amy E. Zanne,Jérôme Chave,S. Joseph Wright,Serge N. Sheremetev,Hervé Jactel,Hervé Jactel,Christopher Baraloto,Christopher Baraloto,Bruno Enrico Leone Cerabolini,Simon Pierce,Bill Shipley,Don Kirkup,Fernando Casanoves,Julia Joswig,Angela Günther,Valeria Falczuk,Nadja Rüger,Miguel D. Mahecha,Lucas D. Gorné +40 more
TL;DR: Analysis of worldwide variation in six major traits critical to growth, survival and reproduction within the largest sample of vascular plant species ever compiled found that occupancy of six-dimensional trait space is strongly concentrated, indicating coordination and trade-offs.
Journal ArticleDOI
On underestimation of global vulnerability to tree mortality and forest die‐off from hotter drought in the Anthropocene
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify ten contrasting perspectives that shape the vulnerability debate but have not been discussed collectively and present a set of global vulnerability drivers that are known with high confidence: (1) droughts eventually occur everywhere; (2) warming produces hotter Droughts; (3) atmospheric moisture demand increases nonlinearly with temperature during drought; (4) mortality can occur faster in hotter Drought, consistent with fundamental physiology; (5) shorter Drought can become lethal under warming, increasing the frequency of lethal Drought; and (6) mortality happens rapidly
Journal ArticleDOI
Temperate forest trees and stands under severe drought: a review of ecophysiological responses, adaptation processes and long-term consequences
TL;DR: The role du couvert dans les echanges avec l'atmosphere is rappele puis integre dans l'analyse des reductions de bilan d'eau and de carbone in 2003 dus a regulation stomatique as discussed by the authors.
References
More filters
Book
Xylem Structure and the Ascent of Sap
TL;DR: Xylem Dysfunction: When Cohesion Breaks Down, the Cohesion-Tension Theory of Sap Ascent and other Functional Adaptations.
Book ChapterDOI
Stomatal Control of Transpiration: Scaling Up from Leaf to Region
P.G. Jarvis,K.G. McNaughton +1 more
TL;DR: A wide variety of formulae have been developed for estimating evaporation from vegetation that are based entirely on weather variables and take no account at all of the species composition or stomatal properties of the transpiring vegetation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vulnerability of Xylem to Cavitation and Embolism
Melvin T. Tyree,John S. Sperry +1 more
TL;DR: Embolism Formation by Winter Freezing, Water Stress-Induced Embolism, and more.
Journal ArticleDOI
The hydraulic architecture of trees and other woody plants
Melvin T. Tyree,Frank W. Ewers +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed how the hydraulic design of trees influences the movement of water from roots to leaves and discussed some of the ecological and physiological trade-offs of specific structures.
Book
Plant Allometry: The Scaling of Form and Process
TL;DR: Allometry, the study of the growth rate of an organism's parts in relation to the whole, has produced various results in research on animals as discussed by the authors and applies allometry to studies of the evolution, morphology, physiology and reproduction of plants.
Related Papers (5)
Global convergence in the vulnerability of forests to drought
Brendan Choat,Steven Jansen,Timothy J. Brodribb,Hervé Cochard,Hervé Cochard,Sylvain Delzon,Radika Bhaskar,Sandra Janet Bucci,Taylor S. Feild,Sean M. Gleason,Uwe G. Hacke,Anna L. Jacobsen,Frederic Lens,Hafiz Maherali,Jordi Martínez-Vilalta,Stefan Mayr,Maurizio Mencuccini,Patrick J. Mitchell,Andrea Nardini,Jarmila Pittermann,R. Brandon Pratt,John S. Sperry,Mark Westoby,Ian J. Wright,Amy E. Zanne,Amy E. Zanne +25 more