The IL-4 receptor: signaling mechanisms and biologic functions.
TLDR
The modular nature of the IL-4 receptor and the specialization of different receptor regions for distinct functions, most notably the independent regulation of cell growth and gene activation are emphasized.Abstract:
▪ Abstract Interleukin-4 is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a critical role in the regulation of immune responses. Its effects depend upon binding to and signaling through a receptor complex consisting of the IL-4Rα chain and the common gamma chain (γc), resulting in a series of phosphorylation events mediated by receptor-associated kinases. In turn, these cause the recruitment of mediators of cell growth, of resistance to apoptosis, and of gene activation and differentiation. Here we describe our current understanding of the organization of the IL-4 receptor, of the signaling pathways that are induced as a result of receptor occupancy, and of the various mechanisms through which receptor function is modulated. We particularly emphasize the modular nature of the receptor and the specialization of different receptor regions for distinct functions, most notably the independent regulation of cell growth and gene activation.read more
Citations
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Alternative activation of macrophages
TL;DR: The evidence in favour of alternative macrophage activation by the TH2-type cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 is assessed, and its limits and relevance to a range of immune and inflammatory conditions are defined.
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A novel transcription factor, T-bet, directs Th1 lineage commitment.
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Alternative Activation of Macrophages: An Immunologic Functional Perspective
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Follicular Helper CD4 T Cells (TFH)
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