The Impact of COVID-19 Traumatic Stressors on Mental Health: Is COVID-19 a New Trauma Type.
Ibrahim A. Kira,Hanaa Shuwiekh,Jeffrey S. Ashby,Sayed Ahmed Elwakeel,Amthal Alhuwailah,Mariam Sous Fahmy Sous,Shadia Bint Ali Baali,Chafika Azdaou,Enas. M. Oliemat,Hikmet Jamil +9 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors investigated the impact of COVID-19 traumatic stress on mental health after controlling for individuals' previous stressors and traumas and concluded that COVID19 is a new type of traumatic stress that has serious mental health effects.Abstract:
COVID-19 is a new type of trauma that has never been conceptually or empirically analyzed in our discipline. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 as traumatic stress on mental health after controlling for individuals’ previous stressors and traumas. We utilized a sample of (N = 1374) adults from seven Arab countries. We used an anonymous online questionnaire that included measures for COVID-19 traumatic stress, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and cumulative stressors and traumas. We conducted hierarchical multiple regression, with posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety as dependent variables. In the first step, in each analysis, we entered the country, gender, age, religion, education, and income as independent variables (Kira, Traumatology 7(2):73–86, 2001; Kira, Torture, 14:38–44, 2004; Kira, Traumatology, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1037/trm0000305). In the second step, we entered cumulative stressors and traumas as an independent variable. In the third step, we entered either COVID-19 traumatic stressors or one of its subtypes (fears of infection, economic, and lockdown) as an independent variable. Finally, we conducted structural equation modeling with PTSD, depression, and anxiety as predictors of the latent variable mental health and COVID-19 as the independent variable. Results indicated that COVID-19 traumatic stressors, and each of its three subtypes, were unique predictors of PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Thus, COVID-19 is a new type of traumatic stress that has serious mental health effects.read more
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Effects of an internet-based self-help intervention for psychological distress due to COVID-19: Results of a randomized controlled trial
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors developed an internet-based self-help intervention called ROCO to address psychological distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to a significant increase in emotion regulation skills.
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Exhausted due to the pandemic: Validation of Coronavirus Stress Measure and COVID-19 Burnout Scale in a Polish sample
TL;DR: In this article, the authors validated Polish versions of the Coronavirus Stress Measure (CSM) and the COVID-19 Burnout Scale (COVID19-BS) to measure stress and burnout associated with COVID19.
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Does Intersected Discrimination Underlie the Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 Infection and Its Severity on Minorities? An Example from Jordan
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of intersected discrimination on COVID-19 infection was explored and the authors found that it disproportionately affects minority individuals in COVID19 infection, and they used a sample of 2,000 individuals.
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The Etiology of Complex PTSD in the COVID-19 and Continuous Traumatic Stressors Era: A Test of Competing and Allied Models
TL;DR: This paper used hierarchical regression and path analysis to understand the etiology of complex PTSD (CPTSD), using data from the Syrian internally displaced (N = 891) and measures for trauma, CPTSD, and COVID-19 stressors.
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Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and the Sense of Gains and Losses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Study
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigate the perception of changes in selected areas of life experienced by adults of various nationalities in connection to the long-lasting COVID-19 pandemic.
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