The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Testicular Function and the Role of Antioxidants in Improving it: A Review.
TLDR
Use of antioxidants and development of antioxidant therapy can break down the oxidative chain reaction and play a very significant role in increasing the body's capacity to fight free radical-induced oxidative stress, and therefore improve the process of spermatogenesis.Abstract:
Oxidative stress is an important factor for development of male infertility because of very high rate of cell division and mitochondrial oxygen consumption in testicular tissue as well as comparably higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids in this tissue than in other tissues. Moreover, the level of oxygen pressure is low due to the weakness of testicular artery; therefore, there is a severe cell competition for oxygen. Therefore, the testicular tissue and male reproductive system are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress. On the other hand, exposure to X-ray, toxins and chemicals found in the environment as well as specific physical conditions such as varicocele can exacerbate the oxidative stress and induce apoptosis of germ cells and subsequently spermatogenesis. However, under normal conditions, the body's capacity to produce antioxidants for inhibiting adverse effects of oxidative stress is affected by metabolic process and genetic structure. Besides that, environmental factors such as diet, pollutants, and chemicals can affect this capacity. Thus, the body's antioxidant system alone is not able to neutralize all free radicals and prevent harmful complications of oxidative stress. Therefore, use of antioxidants and development of antioxidant therapy can break down the oxidative chain reaction and play a very significant role in increasing the body's capacity to fight free radical-induced oxidative stress, and therefore improve the process of spermatogenesis.read more
Citations
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Reactive oxygen species impact on sperm DNA and its role in male infertility.
TL;DR: How OS induces DNA damage and the types of DNA damage that can occur are discussed and the clinical consequences of OS‐induced DNA damage are briefly touched on.
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Exposure to polystyrene microplastics impairs gonads of zebrafish (Danio rerio).
TL;DR: Exposure to microplastics can induce molecular responses and histological alterations in fish gonads, implying potential adverse impact on fish reproductive organs, and provided new insights on the reproductive damage microplastic contamination can cause in fish.
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Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol A Analogues on Female Reproductive Functions in Mice.
TL;DR: The results suggest that prenatal exposure to BPE and BPS with physiologically relevant doses affects male reproductive functions probably due to spermatogenic defect in the developing testis.
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Melatonin protects mouse testes from palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress and DNA damage in a SIRT1-dependent manner.
Dejun Xu,Dejun Xu,Lingbin Liu,Yongju Zhao,Li Yang,Jianyong Cheng,Rongmao Hua,Zelin Zhang,Qingwang Li +8 more
TL;DR: Melatonin protects the testes from PA‐induced lipotoxicity through the activation of SIRT1, which alleviates oxidative stress, ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage.
References
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Ramadan A Saleh,Ashok Agarwal +1 more
TL;DR: Extensive research in the Cleveland Clinic indicates that the seminal oxidative stress test has diagnostic and prognostic capabilities beyond those of conventional tests of sperm quality or functions and may be of particular importance to the future management of male infertility.