Journal ArticleDOI
The neurobiology of stress and development.
Megan R. Gunnar,Karina Quevedo +1 more
TLDR
The anatomy and physiology of stress responding, the relevant animal literature, and the importance of individual differences as a lens through which to approach questions about stress experiences during development and child outcomes are reviewed.Abstract:
Stress is a part of every life to varying degrees, but individuals differ in their stress vulnerability. Stress is usefully viewed from a biological perspective; accordingly, it involves activation of neurobiological systems that preserve viability through change or allostasis. Although they are necessary for survival, frequent neurobiological stress responses increase the risk of physical and mental health problems, perhaps particularly when experienced during periods of rapid brain development. Recently, advances in noninvasive measurement techniques have resulted in a burgeoning of human developmental stress research. Here we review the anatomy and physiology of stress responding, discuss the relevant animal literature, and briefly outline what is currently known about the psychobiology of stress in human development, the critical role of social regulation of stress neurobiology, and the importance of individual differences as a lens through which to approach questions about stress experiences during development and child outcomes.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress
TL;DR: An ecobiodevelopmental framework is presented that suggests that many adult diseases should be viewed as developmental disorders that begin early in life and that persistent health disparities associated with poverty, discrimination, or maltreatment could be reduced by the alleviation of toxic stress in childhood.
Journal ArticleDOI
Beyond Diathesis Stress: Differential Susceptibility to Environmental Influences.
Jay Belsky,Michael Pluess +1 more
TL;DR: Evidence consistent with the proposition that individuals differ in plasticity is reviewed, and multiple instances in which specific genes function less like "vulnerability factors" and more like "plasticity factors," thereby rendering some individuals more malleable or susceptible than others to both negative and positive environmental influences.
Journal ArticleDOI
Psychological Stress in Childhood and Susceptibility to the Chronic Diseases of Aging: Moving toward a Model of Behavioral and Biological Mechanisms.
TL;DR: A biological embedding model is presented that maintains that childhood stress gets "programmed" into macrophages through epigenetic markings, posttranslational modifications, and tissue remodeling, and proposes that over the life course, these proinflammatory tendencies are exacerbated by behavioral proclivities and hormonal dysregulation, themselves the products of exposure to early stress.
Journal ArticleDOI
From Stress to Inflammation and Major Depressive Disorder: A Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression
TL;DR: A biologically plausible, multilevel theory is proposed that describes neural, physiologic, molecular, and genomic mechanisms that link experiences of social-environmental stress with internal biological processes that drive depression pathogenesis and may shed light on several important questions including how depression develops, why it frequently recurs, and why it is strongly predicted by early life stress.
Journal ArticleDOI
Differential susceptibility to the environment: an evolutionary--neurodevelopmental theory.
Bruce J. Ellis,W. Thomas Boyce,Jay Belsky,Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg,Marinus H. van IJzendoorn +4 more
TL;DR: The differential susceptibility paradigm has far-reaching implications for understanding whether and how much child and adult development responds, for better and for worse, to the gamut of species-typical environmental conditions.
References
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Book
Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of repetition of the "strange situation" on infants' behavior at home and in the classroom were discussed, as well as the relationship between infants' behaviour in the situation and their mothers' behaviour at home.
Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of Life Stress on Depression: Moderation by a Polymorphism in the 5-HTT Gene
Avshalom Caspi,Karen Sugden,Terrie E. Moffitt,Alan Taylor,Ian W. Craig,Hona Lee Harrington,Joseph L. McClay,Jonathan Mill,Judy Martin,Antony W. Braithwaite,Richie Poulton +10 more
TL;DR: Evidence of a gene-by-environment interaction is provided, in which an individual's response to environmental insults is moderated by his or her genetic makeup.
Journal ArticleDOI
How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions.
TL;DR: This review considers recent findings regarding GC action and generates criteria for determining whether a particular GC action permits, stimulates, or suppresses an ongoing stress-response or, as an additional category, is preparative for a subsequent stressor.
Journal ArticleDOI
The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations
TL;DR: Developmental changes in prefrontal cortex and limbic brain regions of adolescents across a variety of species, alterations that include an apparent shift in the balance between mesocortical and mesolimbic dopamine systems likely contribute to the unique characteristics of adolescence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Risky Families: Family Social Environments and the Mental and Physical Health of Offspring
TL;DR: It is concluded that childhood family environments represent vital links for understanding mental and physical health across the life span.