The Occupational Burden of Nonmalignant Respiratory Diseases. An Official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society Statement.
Paul D. Blanc,Isabella Annesi-Maesano,John R. Balmes,Kristin J. Cummings,David Fishwick,David Miedinger,Nicola Murgia,Rajen N. Naidoo,Carl J Reynolds,Torben Sigsgaard,Kjell Torén,Denis Vinnikov,Carrie A. Redlich +12 more
TLDR
An in-depth literature review and data synthesis of the occupational contribution to the burden of the major nonmalignant respiratory diseases, including airway diseases; interstitial fibrosis; hypersensitivity pneumonitis; other noninfectious granulomatous lung diseases; and selected respiratory infections is reported.Abstract:
Rationale: Workplace inhalational hazards remain common worldwide, even though they are ameliorable. Previous American Thoracic Society documents have assessed the contribution of workplace exposures to asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on a population level, but not to other chronic respiratory diseases. The goal of this document is to report an in-depth literature review and data synthesis of the occupational contribution to the burden of the major nonmalignant respiratory diseases, including airway diseases; interstitial fibrosis; hypersensitivity pneumonitis; other noninfectious granulomatous lung diseases, including sarcoidosis; and selected respiratory infections. Methods: Relevant literature was identified for each respiratory condition. The occupational population attributable fraction (PAF) was estimated for those conditions for which there were sufficient population-based studies to allow pooled estimates. For the other conditions, the occupational burden of disease was estimated on the basis of attribution in case series, incidence rate ratios, or attributable fraction within an exposed group. Results: Workplace exposures contribute substantially to the burden of multiple chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma (PAF, 16%); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PAF, 14%); chronic bronchitis (PAF, 13%); idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (PAF, 26%); hypersensitivity pneumonitis (occupational burden, 19%); other granulomatous diseases, including sarcoidosis (occupational burden, 30%); pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (occupational burden, 29%); tuberculosis (occupational burden, 2.3% in silica-exposed workers and 1% in healthcare workers); and community-acquired pneumonia in working-age adults (PAF, 10%). Conclusions: Workplace exposures contribute to the burden of disease across a range of nonmalignant lung conditions in adults (in addition to the 100% burden for the classic occupational pneumoconioses). This burden has important clinical, research, and policy implications. There is a pressing need to improve clinical recognition and public health awareness of the contribution of occupational factors across a range of nonmalignant respiratory diseases.read more
Citations
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Sarcoidosis epidemiology: recent estimates of incidence, prevalence and risk factors.
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Prevalence and population attributable risk for chronic airflow obstruction in a large multinational study
Peter Burney,Jaymini Patel,Cosetta Minelli,Louisa Gnatiuc,Andre F.S. Amaral,Ali Kocabas,Hamid Hacene Cherkaski,Amund Gulsvik,Rune Nielsen,Eric D. Bateman,Anamika Jithoo,Kevin Mortimer,Talant Sooronbaev,Herve Lawin,Chakib Nejjari,M. Elbiaze,Karima El Rhazi,Jinping Zheng,Pixin Ran,Tobias Welte,Daniel O. Obaseki,Gregory E. Erhabor,Asma Elsony,Nada Bakri Osman,Rana Ahmed,Ewa Nizankowska-Mogilnicka,Filip Mejza,David M. Mannino,Cristina Bárbara,Cristina Bárbara,Emiel F.M. Wouters,Luisito F. Idolor,Li-Cher Loh,Abdul Rashid,Sanjay Juvekar,Thorarinn Gislason,Mohamed Al Ghobain,Michael Studnicka,Imed Harrabi,Meriam Denguezli,Parvaiz A Koul,Christine Jenkins,Guy B. Marks,Rain Jögi,Hasan Hafizi,Christer Janson,Wan C. Tan,Althea Aquart-Stewart,Bertrand Mbatchou,Asaad Ahmed Nafees,Kirthi Gunasekera,Terry Seemungal,Mahesh Padukudru Anand,Paul L. Enright,William M. Vollmer,Marta Blangiardo,Fadlalla G. Elfadaly,A. Sonia Buist +57 more
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Occupational and environmental risk factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Australia: case–control study
Michael J. Abramson,Tsitsi Murambadoro,Sheikh M. Alif,Geza Benke,Shyamali C. Dharmage,Ian Glaspole,Peter Hopkins,Ryan Hoy,Sonja Klebe,Yuben Moodley,Shuli Rawson,Paul N. Reynolds,Rory Wolfe,Tamera J. Corte,E. Haydn Walters +14 more
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Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
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