Journal ArticleDOI
The photochemistry of a remote marine stratiform cloud
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In this article, coupled gas and aqueous-phase photochemistry of a stratiform cloud in a remote region of the marine atmosphere is investigated with a time-dependent box model.Abstract:
The coupled gas- and aqueous-phase photochemistry of a stratiform cloud in a remote region of the marine atmosphere is investigated with a time-dependent box model. Both scavenging of ambient acidic aerosols and gases as well as aqueous-phase chemical reactions within droplets are found to be important sources of acidity to cloud water and can lead to pH levels in cloud water in the remote marine atmosphere well below 5.6. The major sources of acidity via aqueous-phase chemical reactions are the generation of sulfuric acid from dissolved SO2 and the generation of formic acid from dissolved formaldehyde. In both cases, aqueous-phase free radicals can play a significant role either directly by oxidizing dissolved SO2 and HCHO or indirectly by producing the aqueous-phase oxidant H2O2. The rate of SO2 conversion to sulfuric acid is sensitive to a variety of parameters including the accommodation or sticking coefficient for SO2, H2O2, HO2, and OH, the liquid water content, and the ambient levels of SO2, HNO3, and other acidic or basic gases. Because high levels of SO2 tend to deplete cloud water of H2O3, the possibility exists that the pH of precipitation in polluted regions will respond nonlinearly to reduced SO2 emissions.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Compilation of Henry's law constants (version 4.0) for water as solvent
TL;DR: According to Henry's law, the equilibrium ratio between the abundances in the gas phase and in the aqueous phase is constant for a dilute solution as discussed by the authors, and a compilation of 17 350 values of Henry's Law constants for 4632 species, collected from 689 references is available at http://wwwhenrys-law.org
Book
Fundamentals of atmospheric modeling
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose numerical solutions to partial differential equations and finite-differencing the equations of atmospheric dynamics, including boundary-layer and surface processes, and Radiative energy transfer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mass-independent fractionation of sulfur isotopes in Archean sediments: strong evidence for an anoxic Archean atmosphere.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the atmospheric O2 concentration must have been < 10(-5) PAL prior to 2.3 Ga, which would have meant that all sulfur-bearing species would have passed through the oceanic sulfate reservoir before being incorporated into sediments, so any signature of MIF would have been lost.
Journal ArticleDOI
Photodissociation in the atmosphere: 1. Actinic flux and the effects of ground reflections and clouds
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that photodissociation rate coefficients inside clouds, and particularly inside cloud droplets, can frequently exceed the clear-sky values, in contrast to current usage in cloud chemistry models, due to the ∼2 cos θ factor incurred in the actinic flux when the solar beam is scattered and diffused into nearly isotropic light.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carboxylic acids in the troposphere, occurrence, sources, and sinks: A review
A. Chebbi,P. Carlier +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a synthesis of low molecular weight carboxylic acids in tropospheric aqueous and gaseous phases and in aerosol particles for different environments is presented.
References
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The physics of clouds
F. H. Ludlam,Basil John Mason +1 more
TL;DR: In the last fifteen years there has been a surge of activity in this science under the stimulus of development in civil and military aviation as discussed by the authors, and the growth of cloud physics during this period has been fostered not only by this general invigoration, but also by recognition of the practicability of exerting some influence upon the behaviour of clouds and their capacity for producing rain, hail, lightning and other meteorological phenomena.
Book
Highly dispersed aerosols
N.A. Fuchs,A.G. Sutugin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the processes leading to the formation of high-dispersed aerosols with particle size below 0.1 μ and the methods of generation and investigation of these aerosols are treated as well as their physical properties differing fundamentally from those of coarse aerosols.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electronic spectra, photochemistry, and autoxidation mechanism of the sulfite-bisulfite-pyrosulfite systems. SO2-, SO3-, SO4-, and SO5- radicals
E. Hayon,A. Treinin,J. Wilf +2 more
Journal ArticleDOI
The composition of precipitation in remote areas of the world
TL;DR: The Global Precipitation Chemistry Project collects precipitation by event to determine composition and processes controlling it in five remote areas as mentioned in this paper, including Bermuda, Australia, Poker Flat, Alaska, and Amsterdam Island.