Journal ArticleDOI
The photochemistry of a remote marine stratiform cloud
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In this article, coupled gas and aqueous-phase photochemistry of a stratiform cloud in a remote region of the marine atmosphere is investigated with a time-dependent box model.Abstract:
The coupled gas- and aqueous-phase photochemistry of a stratiform cloud in a remote region of the marine atmosphere is investigated with a time-dependent box model. Both scavenging of ambient acidic aerosols and gases as well as aqueous-phase chemical reactions within droplets are found to be important sources of acidity to cloud water and can lead to pH levels in cloud water in the remote marine atmosphere well below 5.6. The major sources of acidity via aqueous-phase chemical reactions are the generation of sulfuric acid from dissolved SO2 and the generation of formic acid from dissolved formaldehyde. In both cases, aqueous-phase free radicals can play a significant role either directly by oxidizing dissolved SO2 and HCHO or indirectly by producing the aqueous-phase oxidant H2O2. The rate of SO2 conversion to sulfuric acid is sensitive to a variety of parameters including the accommodation or sticking coefficient for SO2, H2O2, HO2, and OH, the liquid water content, and the ambient levels of SO2, HNO3, and other acidic or basic gases. Because high levels of SO2 tend to deplete cloud water of H2O3, the possibility exists that the pH of precipitation in polluted regions will respond nonlinearly to reduced SO2 emissions.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Chemistry and Photochemistry in Atmospheric Water Drops
TL;DR: In this article, a survey of chemical reactions occurring in the aqueous phase of clouds and fog is given, with a focus on nitrogen oxide chemistry and the interaction of Fe(II and Fe(III) with the ionic species following from the dissolution of sulphur dioxide in water.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrogen Oxide Concentrations in Natural Waters on Early Earth
TL;DR: For pH = 6.5-8 and T = 0-50^\circ$C, it is most probable that NO$X}^{-}$]$<1~\mu$M in the prebiotic ocean.
Journal ArticleDOI
The relative importance of major aqueous sulfate formation reactions in the atmosphere
TL;DR: In this paper, an explicit microphysical cloud model has been employed to take into account the effects of variable cloud droplet chemistry, and the evaluation suggests that several H 2 SO 4 production reactions are of potential importance under atmospheric conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Accommodation coefficient for trace gas uptake using deposition profile measurement in an annular reactor
TL;DR: In this article, a simple and inexpensive procedure is presented for the measurement of gaseous accommodation coefficients upon liquid or solid surfaces. The gas of interest is passed in laminar flow through an annular reactor and the profile of deposition is subsequently determined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Partial Derivative Fitted Taylor Expansion: An efficient method for calculating gas-liquid equilibria in atmospheric aerosol particles: 1. Inorganic compounds
TL;DR: The Partial Derivative Fitted Taylor Expansion (PD-FiTE) approach as discussed by the authors uses optimized model parameters describing the interaction between different inorganic ions, resulting in comparable computational performance with existing reduced methods while remaining accurate.
References
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CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
TL;DR: CRC handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC handbook as discussed by the authors, CRC Handbook for Chemistry and Physiology, CRC Handbook for Physics,
Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in stratospheric modeling
W. B. Demore,J. J. Margitan,Mario J. Molina,R. T. Watson,D. M. Golden,R. F. Hampson,Michael J. Kurylo,Carleton J. Howard,A. R. Ravishankara +8 more
TL;DR: As part of a series of evaluated sets, rate constants and photochemical cross sections compiled by the NASA Panel for Data Evaluation are provided in this article, with particular emphasis on the ozone layer and its possible perturbation by anthropogenic and natural phenomena.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tropospheric chemistry: A global perspective
TL;DR: A model for the photochemistry of the global troposphere constrained by observed concentrations of H2O, O3, CO, CH4, NO, NO2, and HNO3 is presented in this paper.
Book
Selected values of chemical thermodynamic properties
TL;DR: The Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties as mentioned in this paper, published by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in 1952, is a seminal work in the field of thermodynamics.