Journal ArticleDOI
The photochemistry of a remote marine stratiform cloud
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In this article, coupled gas and aqueous-phase photochemistry of a stratiform cloud in a remote region of the marine atmosphere is investigated with a time-dependent box model.Abstract:
The coupled gas- and aqueous-phase photochemistry of a stratiform cloud in a remote region of the marine atmosphere is investigated with a time-dependent box model. Both scavenging of ambient acidic aerosols and gases as well as aqueous-phase chemical reactions within droplets are found to be important sources of acidity to cloud water and can lead to pH levels in cloud water in the remote marine atmosphere well below 5.6. The major sources of acidity via aqueous-phase chemical reactions are the generation of sulfuric acid from dissolved SO2 and the generation of formic acid from dissolved formaldehyde. In both cases, aqueous-phase free radicals can play a significant role either directly by oxidizing dissolved SO2 and HCHO or indirectly by producing the aqueous-phase oxidant H2O2. The rate of SO2 conversion to sulfuric acid is sensitive to a variety of parameters including the accommodation or sticking coefficient for SO2, H2O2, HO2, and OH, the liquid water content, and the ambient levels of SO2, HNO3, and other acidic or basic gases. Because high levels of SO2 tend to deplete cloud water of H2O3, the possibility exists that the pH of precipitation in polluted regions will respond nonlinearly to reduced SO2 emissions.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Uptake coefficient of OH radical on aqueous surface
TL;DR: In this paper, the uptake coefficient of OH radicals on water surface was measured using an impinging flow method with a laser-induced fluorescence method, which was experimentally determined to be (4.2±2.8)×10−3 under the conditions of the contact time of 115 ms, pH=5.6 and the temperature of 293 K.
Journal ArticleDOI
SO2 oxidation in an entraining cloud model with explicit microphysics
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of the chemical evolution of the droplets in a hill-cap cloud is presented, where the chemistry of individual droplets forming on cloud condensation nuclei of differing size and chemical composition is considered, and the take-up of species from the gas phase by droplets is treated explicitly for the droplet population.
Journal ArticleDOI
Models of cloud chemistry
J. V. Iribarne,H. R. Cho +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the basic cloud chemical and microphysical processes is presented, with special emphasis given to the interactions between chemical and physical processes, and to considerations which may lead to model simplifications.
Book ChapterDOI
Photochemical Production of Carboxylic Acids in a Remote Continental Atmosphere
Daniel J. Jacob,Steven C. Wofsy +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple dynamical model is proposed to simulate the boundary layer of the Amazon rain forest, and model predictions are compared to measurements made in that region in July 1985.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sensitivity of tropospheric hydrogen peroxide to global chemical and climate change
TL;DR: In this paper, the sensitivities of tropospheric HO2 and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels to increases in CH4, CO, and NO emissions and to changes in stratospheric O3 and troposphere H2O have been evaluated with a one-dimensional photochemical model.
References
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Book
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
TL;DR: CRC handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC handbook as discussed by the authors, CRC Handbook for Chemistry and Physiology, CRC Handbook for Physics,
Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in stratospheric modeling
W. B. Demore,J. J. Margitan,Mario J. Molina,R. T. Watson,D. M. Golden,R. F. Hampson,Michael J. Kurylo,Carleton J. Howard,A. R. Ravishankara +8 more
TL;DR: As part of a series of evaluated sets, rate constants and photochemical cross sections compiled by the NASA Panel for Data Evaluation are provided in this article, with particular emphasis on the ozone layer and its possible perturbation by anthropogenic and natural phenomena.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tropospheric chemistry: A global perspective
TL;DR: A model for the photochemistry of the global troposphere constrained by observed concentrations of H2O, O3, CO, CH4, NO, NO2, and HNO3 is presented in this paper.
Book
Selected values of chemical thermodynamic properties
TL;DR: The Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties as mentioned in this paper, published by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in 1952, is a seminal work in the field of thermodynamics.