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Journal ArticleDOI

The potential consequences of pollinator declines on the conservation of biodiversity and stability of food crop yields.

James H. Cane
- 01 Jan 1997 - 
- Vol. 12, Iss: 1, pp 8-17
TLDR
The work group encourages increased education and training to ensure that both the lay public and resource managers understand that pollination is one of the most important ecological services provided to agriculture through the responsible management and protection of wildland habitats and their populations of pollen-vectoring animals and nectar-producing plants.
Abstract
Following reports of dramatic declines in managed and feral honey bees from nearly every region of North America, scientists and resource managers from the U.S., Mexico, and Canada came together to review the quality of the evidence that honey bees as well as other pollinators are in long-term decline and to consider the potential consequences of these losses on the conservation of biodiversity and the stability of the yield of food crops. These experts in pollination ecology confirmed that the last 5 years of losses of honeybee colonies in North America leave us with fewer managed pollinators than at any time in the last 50 years and that the management and protection of wild pollinators is an issue of paramount importance to our food supply system. Although there are conclusive data that indicate 1200 wild vertebrate pollinators may be at risk, data on the status of most invertebrate species that act as pollination agents is lacking. The recommendations from a working group of over 20 field scientists, presented here, have been endorsed by 14 conservation and sustainable agriculture organizations, research institutes, and professional societies, including the Society for Conservation Biology. Among the most critical priorities for future research and conservation of pollinator species are (1) increased attention to invertebrate systematics, monitoring, and reintroduction as part of critical habitat management and restoration plans; (2) multi-year assessments of the lethal and sublethal effects of pesticides, herbicides, and habitat fragmentation on wild pollinator populations in and near croplands; (3) inclusion of the monitoring of seed and fruit set and floral visitation rates in endangered plant management and recovery plans; (4) inclusion of habitat needs for critically-important pollinators in the critical habitat designations for endangered plants; (5) identification and protection of floral reserves near roost sites along the “nectar corridors” of threatened migratory pollinators; and (6) investment in the restoration and management of a diversity of pollinators and their habitats adjacent to croplands in order to stabilize or improve crop yields. The work group encourages increased education and training to ensure that both the lay public and resource managers understand that pollination is one of the most important ecological services provided to agriculture through the responsible management and protection of wildland habitats and their populations of pollen-vectoring animals and nectar-producing plants. Consecuencias Potenciales de la Disminucion de Polinizadores en la Conservacion de la Biodiversidad y la Estabilidad en la Produccion de Cosechas de Alimentos Resumen: Debido a los constantes reportes de disminuciones dramaticas de abejas productoras de miel tanto manejadas como silvestres en casi todas las regiones de Norteamerica, cientificos y manejadores de recursos de Estados Unidos, Mexico y Canada se reunieron para revisar la calidad de las evidencias de que las abejas, asi como otros polinizadores se encuentran en una disminucion a largo plazo y para considerer las consecuencias potenciales de estas perdidas en la conservacion de la biodiversidad y la estabilidad de las cosechas de alimentos. Estos expertos en ecologia de la polinizacion confirmaron que los ultimos cinco anos de perdidas de colonias de abejas en Norteamerica nos ubican con menos polinizadores manejados que en ningun otro momento en los ultimos 50 anos y que el manejo y proteccion de polinizadores silvestres es un aspecto de suma importancia para nuestro sistema de abastecimiento de alimentos. A pesar de que existen datos concluyentes que indican que 1200 polinizadores vertebrados silvestres podrian encontrarse en riesgo, se carece de datos sobre la situacion de la mayoria de las especies de invertebrados que actuan como polinizadores. Las recomendaciones de un grupo de trabajo de mas de 20 cientificos, presentadas aqui, han sido respaldadas por 14 organizaciones de conservacion y agricultura sustentable, institutos de investigacion y sociedades de profesionistas incluyendo la Sociedad para la Biologia de la Conservacion. Entre las prioridades mas criticas de investigacion y conservacion de especies de polinizadores se encuentran; 1) incrementar el enfoque en sistematica de invertebrados, monitoreo y reintroduccion como parte del manejo de habitat critico y planes de restauracion; 2) evaluaciones de varios anos de los efectos letales y subletales de pesticidas, herbicidas y la fragmentacion del habitat en las poblaciones silvestres de polinizadores dentro y alrededor de las 10 Pollinator Declines Allen-Wardell et al. Conservation Biology Volume 12, No. 1, February 1998 tierras de cosechas; 3) inclusion del monitoreo de semillas y frutas y las tasas de visita en los planes de manejo y recuperacion de plantas; 4) inclusion de las necesidades de habitat para polinizadores criticamente importates en las designaciones de habitat critico para plantas amenazadas; 5) identification y proteccion de reservas florales cerca de sitios de percha a lo largo de “corredores de nectar” de polinizadores migratorios amenazados; y 6) inversion en la investigacion y manejo de una diversidad de polinizadores y sus habitats adyacentes a sitios con cosechas para poder estabilizar e improvisar la produccion de las cosechas. El grupo de trabajo hace un llamado para estimular un incremento en educacion y entrenamiento para asegurar que tanto el publico como los manejadores de recursos entiendan que la polinizacion es uno de los servicios ecologicos mas importantes aportados a la agricultura a traves del manejo responsable y la proteccion de habitats silvestres y de sus poblaciones de animales vectores de polen y plantas productoras de nectar.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops

TL;DR: It is found that fruit, vegetable or seed production from 87 of the leading global food crops is dependent upon animal pollination, while 28 crops do not rely upon animalPollination, however, global production volumes give a contrasting perspective.
Journal ArticleDOI

ENDANGERED MUTUALISMS: The Conservation of Plant-Pollinator Interactions

TL;DR: Recent declines in honeybee numbers in the United States and Europe bring home the importance of healthy pollination systems, and the need to further develop native bees and other animals as crop pollinators.
Journal ArticleDOI

Crop pollination from native bees at risk from agricultural intensification

TL;DR: It was found that diversity was essential for sustaining the service, because of year-to-year variation in community composition, and conservation and restoration of bee habitat are potentially viable economic alternatives for reducing dependence on managed honey bees.
Journal ArticleDOI

Scale‐dependent effects of landscape context on three pollinator guilds

TL;DR: It is concluded that local landscape destruction affects solitary wild bees more than social bees, possibly changing mutualistic plant-pollinator and competitive wild bees- honey bees interactions and that only analyses of multiple spatial scales may detect the importance of the landscape context for local pollinator communities.
References
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Book

Insect pollination of crops

TL;DR: The second edition of this text on the significance of insect pollination of crops has been expanded to include new information on many crops, particularly tropical ones, and on the use of managed populations of bees, both colonial and solitary.
Book

Global biodiversity assessment

Heywood
Journal ArticleDOI

Global biodiversity assessment

TL;DR: The Global Biodiversity Assessment (GBA) project as mentioned in this paper has been used to assess the global biodiversity of plants and its relationships with its components. But it has not yet been used for the assessment of the global ecosystem.
Journal ArticleDOI

Bateman's principle and plant reproduction: The role of pollen limitation in fruit and seed set

TL;DR: Using published data on 258 species in which fecundity was reported for natural pollination and hand pollination with outcross pollen, significant pollen limitation was found at some times or in some sites in 159 of the 258 species, suggesting that the pollination environment is not constant.
Book

The Forgotten Pollinators

TL;DR: The authors explain how human-induced changes in pollinator populations -- caused by overuse of chemical pesticides, unbridled development, and conversion of natural areas into monocultural cropland-can have a ripple effect on disparate species, ultimately leading to a "cascade of linked extinctions."
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