The Rationale for Revising the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Vancomycin Minimal Inhibitory Concentration Interpretive Criteria for Staphylococcus aureus
TLDR
The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (formerly, the NCCLS) established the susceptibility and resistance breakpoints for minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disk diffusion testing of vancomycin against isolates of Staphylococcus aureus > 20 years ago.Abstract:
The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (formerly, the NCCLS) established the susceptibility and resistance breakpoints for minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disk diffusion testing of vancomycin against isolates of Staphylococcus aureus > 20 years ago. The disk diffusion breakpoints were modified in 1998 when it was recognized that vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus strains were not detected by this method. In 2006, the vancomycin MIC breakpoints for S. aureus were lowered (from or = 32 microg/mL to > or = 16 microg/mL for "resistant") to increase detection of heterogeneously resistant isolates of S. aureus. This decision reflected a growing amount of microbiological and clinical data indicating that isolates of S. aureus are less likely to respond to vancomycin therapy when the vancomycin MICs are > or = 4 microg/mL.read more
Citations
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Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Adults and Children
Catherine Liu,Arnold S. Bayer,Sara E. Cosgrove,Robert S. Daum,Scott K. Fridkin,Rachel J. Gorwitz,Sheldon L. Kaplan,Adolf W. Karchmer,Donald P. Levine,Barbara E. Murray,Michael J. Rybak,Henry F. Chambers +11 more
TL;DR: These guidelines discuss the management of a variety of clinical syndromes associated with MRSA disease, including skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), bacteremia and endocarditis, pneumonia, bone and joint infections, and central nervous system infections.
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Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology and clinical consequences of an emerging epidemic.
Michael Z. David,Robert S. Daum +1 more
TL;DR: This review details the epidemiology of CA-MRSA strains and the clinical spectrum of infectious syndromes associated with them that ranges from a commensal state to severe, overwhelming infection and addresses the therapy of these infections and strategies for their prevention.
Journal ArticleDOI
Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin in adult patients: a consensus review of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists.
TL;DR: Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is one of the most widely used antibiotics in the United States for the treatment of serious gram-positive streptococcus aureus infections.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reduced Vancomycin Susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus, Including Vancomycin-Intermediate and Heterogeneous Vancomycin-Intermediate Strains: Resistance Mechanisms, Laboratory Detection, and Clinical Implications
Benjamin P Howden,John K. Davies,Paul D R Johnson,Paul D R Johnson,Timothy P. Stinear,Timothy P. Stinear,M Lindsay Grayson,M Lindsay Grayson +7 more
TL;DR: It is now becoming clear that sequential point mutations in key global regulatory genes contribute to the hVISA and VISA phenotypes, which are associated predominately with cell wall thickening and restricted vancomycin access to its site of activity in the division septum.
Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of Vancomycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentration on the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
Alex Soriano,Francesc Marco,José Antonio Martínez,Elena Pisos,Manel Almela,Veselka P. Dimova,Dolores Alamo,Mar Ortega,J. A. Lopez,Josep Mensa +9 more
TL;DR: Mortality associated with MRSA bacteremia was significantly higher when the empirical antibiotic was inappropriate and when vancomycin was empirically used for treatment of infection with strains with a high vancomYcin MIC (>1 microg/mL).
References
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TL;DR: Therapy was resumed with the com -bination of arbekacin and ampicillin/sulbactam which has been shown to have synergic activity against MRSA.
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Keiichi Hiramatsu,Nanae Aritaka,Hideaki Hanaki,Shiori Kawasaki,Yasuyuki Hosoda,Satoshi Hori,Yoshinosuke Fukuchi,Intetsu Kobayashi +7 more
TL;DR: Heterogeneously resistant VRSA was found in hospitals throughout Japan, which could explain, at least partly, the frequent therapeutic failure of MRSA infection with vancomycin in Japan.
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Vancomycin-resistant enterococci
TL;DR: Enterococci associated with cultures obtained from burn patients have been on the increase, worldwide, over the past decade and are now among the four most common nosocomial pathogens in the US and have been called the ‘nosocomial infections of the 1990s’.
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Soju Chang,Dawn M. Sievert,Jeffrey C. Hageman,Matthew L. Boulton,Fred C. Tenover,Frances P. Downes,Sandip Shah,James T. Rudrik,Guy R. Pupp,William J. Brown,Denise M. Cardo,Scott K. Fridkin +11 more
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